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151.
Motivated by a recent paper on the effect of lead‐time variability reduction on safety stocks, we provide evidence of the recursive nature of safety stock changes. When lead times follow a gamma distribution we demonstrate that, for cycle service levels between .60 and .70, the reduction of lead‐time variability will first increase safety stock and then either recursively decrease safety stock or make it remain constant. We also numerically show the existence of the recursive effect. A two‐by‐two matrix is introduced to assist managers in making decisions regarding safety stock policy.  相似文献   
152.
通过问卷调查的形式,考察了消费者对2008年三鹿奶粉事件的反应。配对样本t检验结果表明:在三鹿奶粉事件发生一个月后,消费者对国内食品安全问题的担心程度显著高于事件发生前的担心程度;国产奶粉消费水平相比于事件发生前下降了近一半。同时二元选择模型的估计结果表明,不同特征的人群对事件的反应无显著差别;然而城镇消费者相对于农村消费者而言对事件的反应更强烈;对政府颁布的三聚氰胺临时限量标准和奶粉检测报告的信任程度、对偶而进食三聚氰胺奶粉所造成身体危害的担心程度是影响消费者事件发生后奶粉消费决策的重要变量。  相似文献   
153.
完善我国食品安全法律体系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
民以食为天,食以民为本。食品是人类赖以生存的基本物质。在改革开放的进程中,我国食品工业不仅面临着空前的机遇,也面对着严峻的挑战。这是因为食品工业的发展还面对着工业过程以外许多新的领域,对外开放中面对着世界各地贸易中的食品质量和价格的激烈竞争;对内的消费领域也面对着许多食品质量安全问题。有些地方的食品安全已成为消费者的“心头大患”。实践证明,解决社会发展中这个新产生的问题,除了要不断提高我国食品领域的科学技术水平外,还必须认真重视食品安全有关的社会管理和国家的法律制度的建设。就国家法律制度建设来说,既要看到现已形成的法律制度建设成果,更要认真分析目前已产生的食品安全法律体系存在的缺陷。在此基础上完善现有的食品法律法规体系和执法的步骤。  相似文献   
154.
The present value of the costs of injuries and deaths associated with each unit of a product is a useful number in conducting cost-benefit analysis at the CPSC. Before a remedy is known, this value indicates the approximate amount that it is worth spending on a fix; similarly, if a fix is proposed, this number indicates whether it is cost-justified. The method of analysis is applied to all-terrain vehicles. Injury costs per vehicle are estimated. Determinants of accidents are estimated using a logit regression model applied to surveys of users and of accident victims; this indicates factors associated with accidents, and is used to estimate marginal probabilities. Costs of various vehicle components are estimated using a hedonic price index. This information (injury costs, accident probabilities, and component cost) is combined in a benefit–cost analysis of proposed remedies.  相似文献   
155.
This article discusses several technical and conceptual issues relating to the regulation of All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). Qualitative response models are used to analyze a survey of injured persons and a survey of the general population of users. Because the latter did not distinguish injured and noninjured persons, an application of Bayes' rule is used to make inferences about the relationship between the two injury categories, and to consistently estimate injury risk. The article concludes with a discussion of the problem of risk awareness and some policy implications.This article is based on work done while Professor Rubinfeld was a consultant to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The authors wish to thank the CPSC for its support, Steven Shavell for his encouragement, and Paul Ruud for his econometric advice and assistance. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and not of the CPSC.  相似文献   
156.
中国食品安全网络舆情的发展趋势及基本特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用舆情监测平台的数据分析了2007-2014年间中国食品安全网络舆情的发展趋势,并基于内容分析法探究食品安全网络舆情中政府、媒体、网民等主体的行为特征和食品安全事件等客体的风险特征。2007-2014年间的中国食品安全网络舆情经历了四个阶段,但对网络舆情主体的行为特征的研究表明,食品安全网络舆情环境并没有发生本质的变化;政府在曝光食品安全事件方面发挥着重要作用,但网民对政府的信任程度低。对食品安全网络舆情客体的风险特征的研究表明,2011-2014年间食品安全事件的风险特征十分明显,肉及制品、乳制品等是爆发食品安全事件的主要食品种类,添加剂或食用物质的滥用等人源性因素是我国食品安全事件频发的主要原因,食品安全事件主要发生在加工环节,大中型食品企业是主要的食品安全事件责任主体,广东省、北京市、江苏省等经济发达的东部沿海地区是爆发食品安全事件的主要地区。  相似文献   
157.
孙锐  陈国权 《南开管理评论》2012,15(1):67-74,83
知识分享是组织学习研究领域中的一个热点话题,本研究旨在探讨跨部门心理安全对组织内部知识分享以及组织绩效的影响机制。本文实证研究发现,组织跨部门心理安全与组织知识分享、组织绩效之间均存在"倒U"关系,而知识分享会对组织绩效的提升产生正向影响,知识分享在跨部门心理安全对组织绩效的作用中扮演中介角色。研究发现有助于加深我们对跨部门心理安全与组织知识分享、组织绩效间作用关系的深入了解,为企业管理实践提供有益的借鉴和启示。  相似文献   
158.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is developing regulations to amend existing standards for occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica by establishing a new permissible exposure limit as well as a series of ancillary provisions for controlling exposure. This article briefly reviews OSHA's proposed regulatory approach and the statutory authority on which it is based. It then evaluates OSHA's preliminary determination of significant risk and its analysis of the risk reduction achievable by its proposed controls. It recognizes that OSHA faces multiple challenges in devising a regulatory approach that reduces exposures and health risks and meets its statutory goal. However, the greatest challenge to reducing risks associated with silica exposure is not the lack of incentives (for either employers or employees) but rather lack of information, particularly information on the relative toxicity of different forms of silica. The article finds that OSHA's proposed rule would contribute little in the way of new information, particularly since it is largely based on information that is at least a decade old—a significant deficiency, given the rapidly changing conditions observed over the last 45 years. The article concludes with recommendations for alternative approaches that would be more likely to generate information needed to improve worker health outcomes.  相似文献   
159.
BackgroundCentral fetal monitoring systems transmit cardiotocograph data to a central site in a maternity service. Despite a paucity of evidence of safety, the installation of central fetal monitoring systems is common.AimThis qualitative research sought to explore whether, and how, clinicians modified their clinical safety related behaviours following the introduction of a central monitoring system.MethodsAn Institutional Ethnographic enquiry was conducted at an Australian hospital where a central fetal monitoring system had been installed in 2016. Informants (n = 50) were midwifery and obstetric staff. Data collection consisted of interviews and observations that were analysed to understand whether and how clinicians modified their clinical safety related behaviours.FindingsThe introduction of the central monitoring system was associated with clinical decision making without complete clinical information. Midwives’ work was disrupted. Higher levels of anxiety were described for midwives and birthing women. Midwives reported higher rates of intervention in response to the visibility of the cardiotocograph at the central monitoring station. Midwives described a shift in focus away from the birthing woman towards documenting in the central monitoring system.DiscussionThe introduction of central fetal monitoring prompted new behaviours among midwifery and obstetric staff that may potentially undermine clinical safety.ConclusionThis research raises concerns that central fetal monitoring systems may not promote safe intrapartum care. We argue that research examining the safety of central fetal monitoring systems is required.  相似文献   
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