Sequential search using question-sets with bounded intersections

The paper is concerned with sequential search on a finite set: an unknown element of the finite set is to be found testing its subsets, and getting the information that the unknown element is or is not an element of the tested subset. The optimum of the strategy lengths is found under the condition that the intersection of any two different test-sets is bounded. This condition is generalized taking the intersection of any m different test-sets instead of two, and the general problem is also solved.     

人肉搜索、王菲案与隐私权保护的实证分析

“人肉搜索”虽在一定程度上发挥了舆论监督功能,但不可避免伴随着诸多负面影响.“王菲案”作为人肉搜索隐私侵权的典型案例,其核心是如何确定隐私权及对应义务的内容与界限.权利的维护需要成本,当权利的实现成本低于其收益时,权利人才有足够的内驱力去维权.侵权责任法通过降低维权成本激励被侵权人维护自身的权利,通过增大侵权成本阻止潜在的侵权冲动.基于成本与收益的考量和各方利益之平衡,网络侵权法律救济体现了“防君子易、防小人难”的旨趣.     

The Self‐Directed Search as a Stand‐Alone Intervention With College Students

The Self‐Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1994 ) is sometimes administered to large student groups outside of counseling to address common career development needs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the SDS as a stand‐alone intervention by comparing a general sample of college students who completed the SDS (n = 39) with a no‐treatment control group (n = 41) on several outcomes. Completion of the SDS related to an increase in the number of career alternatives being considered 4 weeks later but did not relate to career exploration, career decision‐making self‐efficacy, career indecision, and seeking of career counseling services. If the SDS is used outside of counseling with broad student samples, the authors suggest providing additional intervention to ensure that it promotes exploration of any additional careers being considered.     

基于混合算法的具有硬时间窗口约束的VRPSPD问题

具有硬时间窗口约束下同时收发的车辆路径问题（vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pick-up and delivery with hard time windows,VRPSPD with Hard TW）是将产品配送和废物回收统一进行优化的问题。本文研究了一个中心仓库,多台车辆向具有配送需求和回收需求的客户提供服务,客户存在硬时间窗口要求的车辆运输问题。该问题中,客户的配送需求和回收需求必须同时获得满足,即客户仅允许被访问一次,且需求不可分割,只能由一台车辆提供服务。且客户的硬时间窗口要求必须获得满足。首先将修正后的旅程分割方法应用于硬时间窗口约束下的VRPSPD问题初始解的获得,并利用响应性禁忌搜索算法框架,结合基于多种领域的可变式搜索方法,给出一启发式算法。计算机实验结果表明,该启发式算法在求解VRPSPD with hard TW上是有效的。     

Open adoption records,the human rights of adopted people,and discrimination: the case of Odièvre v France 2003

The recent judgement by the European Court of Human Rights in the Odièvre v France case has denied some adopted people the right to access identifying information about their family of origin. Yet, in the UK, adopted people have enjoyed the right to access identifying information for many years. The evidence from practice and research has demonstrated the positive benefits adopted people and their birth and adoptive relatives have gained from an open record policy. In this paper, the authors argue that denying some adopted people access to information that could enhance their personal identity creates an act of discrimination.     

机构投资者信息搜寻、公开信息透明度与私有信息套利

本文利用特有的机构投资者私有信息搜寻数据,研究了机构投资者的信息搜寻、透明度与私有信息套利的关系。本文的研究发现,机构投资者的信息搜寻和信息披露的透明度降低了私有信息套利,而且机构投资者信息搜寻、信息披露透明度在私有信息套利严重的公司对降低私有信息套利的作用更加明显。同时,本文的研究结果也表明,机构投资者信息搜寻与信息披露透明度对私有信息套利存在交互效应,随着信息披露透明度的提高,机构投资者信息搜寻对私有信息套利的边际效应下降。     

Do Faster Rescues Save More Lives

The primary mission of search and rescue (SAR) is the saving of lives. To assess SAR operations from a planning perspective, one must draw a connection between operations and the number of lives saved. Our approach is to model the probability that an incident results in at least one fatality, given the response time between the time of incident occurrence and time of rescue. We show that incidents involving air crashes, capsizing, foundering, grounding and other/unknown types of incidents tended to have higher probabilities of fatalities as the response time became higher. However, other emergency types did not exhibit the same overall tendency as these did. These statistical results do not prove causality between faster response times and lower fatality incidence for the above-mentioned emergency types. They can be used, however, for estimating the average number of fatalities for a given distribution of response time, and ultimately the marginal savings in lives for a change in the mix of resources and locations.     

Do active labor market policies for welfare recipients in Germany raise their regional outflow into work?

While many studies estimate the effects of active labor market programs (ALMPs) on the participants’ labor market outcomes, far fewer studies are concerned with the effects of these policies on the regional job-matching process. We analyze which ALMPs are particularly effective at the regional level, as well as the role local labor market conditions play for their effectiveness. We find positive effects for a number of ALMPs, but for some of these the effects differ considerably between regions with high and low unemployment. This has important policy implications.     

Simultaneous Search

We introduce and solve a new class of “downward‐recursive” static portfolio choice problems. An individual simultaneously chooses among ranked stochastic options, and each choice is costly. In the motivational application, just one may be exercised from those that succeed. This often emerges in practice, such as when a student applies to many colleges or when a firm simultaneously tries several technologies. We show that such portfolio choice problems quite generally entail maximizing a submodular function of finite sets—which is NP‐hard in general. Still, we show that a greedy algorithm finds the optimal set, finding first the best singleton, then the best single addition to it, and so on. We show that the optimal choices are “less aggressive” than the sequentially optimal ones, but “more aggressive” than the best singletons. Also, the optimal set in general contains gaps. We provide some comparative statics results on the chosen set.     

What makes search fund entrepreneurship different in Europe?

Ownership transition is an increasingly relevant decision in small businesses because millions of owners in the largest world economies are reaching retirement age without a successor. As a result, entrepreneurship through acquisition—becoming an entrepreneur through the acquisition of an existing business and growing it much like a startup—is likely to accelerate in the coming years. In contrast to traditional entrepreneurship, where the entrepreneur comes up with an idea and then grows it into a company, the idea of entrepreneurship through acquisition is embedded in the acquired company. In this article, we share our findings from a research project that tracked first-time entrepreneurs looking to acquire businesses in four European countries. These entrepreneurs put in “sweat equity” and used the “search fund” model, whereby investors funded their search expenses and provided funds for an acquisition. However, implementing the search fund model, originally created in the United States, was not straightforward in Europe. Search funders faced novel challenges in investor-entrepreneur (i.e., principal-agent) relationships and the search process. Our study identifies these challenges, the responses from our search fund sample, the lessons learned, and a novel framework to conceptualize a search fund playbook specific to Europe. These experiences hold valuable lessons for those who pursue entrepreneurship through acquisition and help stimulate new research questions for scholars.