Windows2003下IIS安全配置与管理

Windows2003下IIS安全配置与管理,是实现WIN2003操作系统和IIS服务器的安全,也是创建Internet网站所必须的设置。     

农村低保制度实施中的问题研究——对中部地区Y县F乡的考察

调查发现,中部地区农村低保制度在实施过程中主要存在着低保标准严重偏低、低保家庭收入难以界定、覆盖面过窄、监督管理机制不完善等问题。并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策建议。     

论社会工作在农村最低生活保障漏洞治理中的作用

社工介入到农村最低生活保障活动,可避免熟人社会中某些习俗的影响,避免救助对象不当受益问题,通过收集信息来完善低保标准,避免超标受益、重复受益等"漏洞"问题;专业社工通过增能来帮助困难群体来表达福利诉求等。     

Social innovations on land use in rural China: an asset-based analysis

Land is one of the most important assets in many countries, but property rights in rural China create unique circumstances worthy of consideration. Because the state and collectivities hold property rights and grant right of use, those who live and farm on land cannot freely use, transfer, pledge for loan, or bequeath that land. However, several recent social innovations experiment with ways to broaden flexibility on land use. Using the theoretical framework of asset building, this article discusses the current land policy, re-examines the asset attributes of land and discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of these innovations in rural China. The analysis leads us to make further suggestions concerning asset-based land policy.     

FROM THE EDITORS

No abstract available for this article.     

Potential Consequences of Raising the Social Security Eligibility Age on Low-Income Older Workers

Abstract

To examine the potential consequences of raising the Social Security retirement age on future cohorts of low-income elders, this study, based on data from the Health and Retirement Study, 1992–1994, identifies factors that may hinder or facilitate continuous employment among older workers born between 1931 and 1941. Specifically, following the analysis of labor-force participation rates and self-reported reasons for non-work, multivariate logistic regression models tested the relationship between individual strengths and constraints, social-structural opportunities and constraints, and economic need variables and the likelihood of work. The findings show that for both men and women, having disabilities was the most significant predictor of non-work. Racial differences, especially in men's labor-force participation rates, appeared to be due in large part to significant racial differences in disability rates. A higher proportion of blacks and Hispanics than whites also reported that they were unemployed. Based on the findings, raising the Social Security eligibility age is likely to result in increased numbers of Disability Insurance (DI) claimants, and the fiscal impact of such an increase needs to be examined. The need to assist unemployed older persons is also discussed.     

Social Security Reform

Abstract

Despite recent economic gains for women, a substantial gender gap in financial security during old age remains, making women more dependent than men upon Social Security. Social Security plays an important role in providing for women's economic security. The implications for women of several proposed changes in Social Security policy, including the call for the partial privatization of Social Security via the introduction of individual accounts, are analyzed. Many of the proposals would have the effect of asking women, particularly low-income women, to shoulder a disproportionate share of the risks and burdens associated with the changes.     

抛锚式教学模式在《电子商务安全与支付》教学中的应用

培养创新型人才是我国高校教育面临的重要挑战之一,教育教学改革对培养高素质人才意义重大。通过分析《电子商务安全与支付》教学中存在的主要问题及抛锚式教学模式的内涵,确定了《电子商务安全与支付》实施抛锚式教学模式的优势,最终对该课程教学进行了探索改革,将抛锚式模式引入课程教学中。研究结果表明,抛锚式教学模式在《电子商务安全与支付》教学中的应用极大地丰富了教学内容,锻炼了学生的自主学习能力,提高了学生知识迁移能力,取得了好的教学效果。     

Immigration Policy Changes After 9/11

Abstract

Immigrants to the United States face new and significant challenges since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Within a dramatically short time national immigration policy has become oriented more to protecting Americans than welcoming people from other nations. Creation of the Department of Homeland Security, dismantling the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and tightening the rules and enforcement provisions for immigrants were changes designed, not to facilitate the immigration process, but to counter the threat of terrorism and preventing potential terrorists from entering the country. This article discusses the recent policy changes that have affected the immigrant community and reviews how professionals working with immigrants might address these changes to better help their clients.     

Lowering Social Security's Duration-of-Marriage Requirement: Distributional Effects for Future Female Retirees

A number of alternatives to Social Security's auxiliary benefit system have been proposed in the context of changes in American family and work patterns. This article focuses on one modification therein—lowering the 10-year duration-of-marriage requirement for divorced spouses. Using a powerful microsimulation model (MINT), we examine the distributional effects of extending spouse and survivor benefit eligibility to 5- and 7-year marriages ending in divorce among female retirees in 2030, a population largely comprised of baby boomers. Results show that the options would increase benefits for a small share of female retirees, around 2 to 4%, and would not affect the vast majority of low-income divorced older women. However, of those affected, the options would substantially increase benefits and lower incidence of poverty and near poor. Low-income divorced retirees with marriages between 5 and 9 years in length and a deceased former spouse face the greatest potential gains.