论少数民族较贫困地区受教育权的法律保障——以新疆莎车县为例

少数民族教育是我国整个教育事业的重要组成部分,也是民族工作的重要内容。少数民族受教育权作为少数民族的一项基本权利,是少数民族实现其他权利的前提和基础。在对少数民族较贫困地区教育发展的现实状况进行调研的基础上,文章从少数民族受教育权的涵义、少数民族受教育权的保护现状、加强少数民族受教育权的法律保障三个方面对这一问题进行阐述,旨在引起人们对少数民族教育不断的重视,以推进我国科教兴国、构建社会主义和谐社会的进程。     

我国《国家安全法》的立法不足及完善

由于立法经验不足,我国《国家安全法》立法滞后。审视我国《国家安全法》不难发现,《国家安全法》的立法目的、国家安全机关的法律地位、危害国家安全行为及其法律责任等方面均存在疏漏和缺陷,亟需修订完善。     

社会保障基金长期财务随机预测模型的比较与选择

为了测算分析社会保障制度的可持续发展,世界上不少国家建立了社会保障基金长期财务预测模型。与确定性财务预测模型相比,随机预测模型有利于阐明预测结果所面临的不确定。美国在运用随机预测模型对社会保障基金的财务状况做出预测方面走在世界最前端,我国对社会保障基金随机预测模型的研究基本处于空白。本文对美国社会保障署和国会预算办公室采用的社会保障基金长期随机预测模型进行了比较分析,对两种模型的选择给出了建议,最后提出了我国建立社会保障基金长期预测模型的一些建议。     

透视食品安全问题中的社会学迷思

频发的食品安全事故让笔者反思这个病态社会的百态,阐述了当今社会是一个风险社会、社会与人都沦为单向度以及社会越轨致使社会解组三个社会学的议题。同时笔者指出价值引导、公民精神的培养和社会控制是解决当今社会失范问题的重要举措。     

公共服务型社会治安防控体系运行机制探索

中国社会治安防控体系随着政府的转型也正在由管制型转变为公共服务型。公共服务型社会治安防控体系在运行机制上以公共服务为中心,以满足公众的安全需求为目标。公众安全需求的意见表达机制、意见聚合机制、决策和执行机制和基于公众评价标准的评估机制、反馈机制是新型防控体系运行机制的主要方面。这些机制形成一个整体性的循环往复系统,不断推动防控体系进行良性运转。     

Welfare residualism: a comparative study of the Basic Livelihood Security systems in China and South Korea

Gao Q, Yoo J, Yang S‐M, Zhai F. Welfare residualism: a comparative study of the Basic Livelihood Security systems in China and South Korea Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 113–124 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. In this article, the Basic Livelihood Security (BLS) systems of China and South Korea are compared. The purpose of BLS is to provide a safety net for poor families, particularly the unemployed and the retired who were hard‐hit by recent economic reforms and crises. A common characteristic of the two systems is residual welfare marked by strict eligibility rules and limited coverage. Both systems are subordinate to the primary goal of economic growth and therefore only compensate for the very disadvantaged left behind by market competition. Neither system is particularly effective in achieving its original antipoverty goals. However, South Korea's provision of self‐support programs to supplement cash transfers has helped individuals to move from welfare to work, and thus has implications for China's BLS system. Both countries need to put more emphasis on equity and social justice in their ongoing reforms and expansions of BLS.     

水库移民研究述评

在现代化建设中,随着各项水利工程的建设,产生了大量的水库移民,水库移民问题处理是否妥当将直接关系到移民的生活安康水平及地区乃至国家的稳定。本文从水库移民性质、安置与补偿、社会冲突与整合、适应,以及社会保障五个方面对水库移民的已有研究进行了全面综述,并做了简要评述。     

Supplemental Security Income Among Older Immigrants From Central and South America: The Impact of Welfare Reform

This article explores the impact of federal welfare policy changes on older immigrants born in Central and South America. Using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census 5% Public-Use Microdata Samples, the study examines (1) the change in Supplemental Security Income (SSI) uptake rate after welfare reform for noncitizens from Latin America, naturalized Latin Americans, and U.S.-born Hispanics and (2) how much of the change can be attributed to a change in behavior rather than to a change in eligibility rates. Findings show that the decline in SSI receipt after welfare reform was greater for Latin American noncitizens compared to naturalized citizens and Hispanic U.S.-born citizens. Decomposition analyses show that among eligible elderly noncitizens, the decline in recipiency rate was due mostly to a change in behavior rather than a change in eligibility. This pattern is not found for U.S.-born and naturalized citizens, where changes were mostly due to a decline in the proportion of persons eligible for SSI. This suggests that as a result of legislative changes, older immigrants may not be applying for benefits for which they may be legally entitled. Policy implications are discussed.     

Beyond the Certainty of Security: On Dominant and Latent Conceptions of “Security” in Modern Societies

While other political programs have a relatively short history, the programatic logic of “security” is rather long-standing. This article argues that “security as a product” is a conception of modernity which came to its limits. The question arises, which kind of conception could he beyond those limits.     

Gender,Nation, Rape: Bosnia and the Construction of Security

The mass rapes in Bosnia brought gendered security problems onto the international agenda to an unprecedented extent. This article examines the debate surrounding whether these rapes should be characterized as a security problem which warranted international attention and possibly intervention. This debate evolved around the question whether wartime rape should be understood as an individual risk or a collective security problem;and whether it should be defined in national or in gendered terms. The empirical part of the article analyses the three dominant representations of the Bosnian mass rapes: 'rape as normal/Balkan warfare' argued that rape did not constitute a collective security problem and the international community had therefore no reason or responsibility to intervene; the "rape as exceptional/Serbian warfare" representation read the rapes through national lenses and argued that the international community should intervene militarily in defence of the Bosnian government; and the third representation, "Balkan patriarchy", claimed the privileged of a gendered reading of the rapes, the conflict in Bosnian should, according to this discourse, be understood as involving women on the one side and the patriarchal nationalistic leaderships on the other. The article concludes that the political impact of each of the representations is difficult to assess, but that the willingness of the International Crime Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to pursue rape-related indictments constitutes an important step towards the recognition of wartime rape as a collective security problem.