蒙古族村落社会变迁与民族“双重边缘”阶层的出现——以部分蒙古族村落社会分层现状为例

在社会分层理论和＂代际公平＂理论视野下,以蒙古族村落社会结构变动现状为研究视点,对蒙古族＂双重边缘＂阶层出现的路径进行实证化分析的基础上,为其配备了这种＂资格＂的充足理由;进而对＂代际传递＂不能正常运行的诸多原因为张扬点,强调＂代际公平＂合理传递的无比重要性;最后以＂社会关爱＂理念出发,对他们刻不容缓地进行政府和社会援助视之为本研究的着力点。     

大学生社会实践存在的问题及对策建议

随着时代的发展,社会实践教育已是高等教育体系的重要组成部分。作为大学生思想政治教育的重要环节,社会实践活动对于全面促进大学生了解社会、了解国情、增长才干、奉献社会、锻炼毅力、培养品格、增强社会责任感具有不可替代的重要作用。全社会必须站在＂人才培养＂的高度,重视和支持大学生课外社会实践活动。在社会转型期,必须注重大学生课外社会实践活动的形式和内容的创新。本文根据当前各高校开展社会实践活动,指出了大学生社会实践活动中普遍存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Identifying Social Interactions Through Conditional Variance Restrictions

This paper proposes a new method for identifying social interactions using conditional variance restrictions. The method provides a consistent estimate of the social multiplier when social interactions take the “linear‐in‐means” form (Manski (1993)). When social interactions are not of the linear‐in‐means form, the estimator, under certain conditions, continues to form the basis of a consistent test of the no social interactions null with correct large sample size. The methods are illustrated using data from the Tennessee class size reduction experiment Project STAR. The application suggests that differences in peer group quality were an important source of individual‐level variation in the academic achievement of Project STAR kindergarten students.     

Characterizing performance in socio-technical systems: A modeling framework in the domain of nuclear power

In modeling complex socio-technical systems, the critical nature of many interactions between human and automation are often unrecognized until the system experiences catastrophic consequences. One reason for this is that the systems are generally very robust and serious problems are rare. Another reason is the difficulty in modeling the variety of interactions in a manner compatible with analytical and/or computational models of the technological components of the system. Organizational issues and extraneous influences add to these modeling difficulties. We have developed a modeling framework that integrates certain ideas from social networks, graph theory, and simulation, all tied together using heuristics that reflect deep domain knowledge. This framework forms the basis for a computational implementation, portions of which have been implemented. Details of the model and the rationale for the model structure are described in this paper.     

创业能力、突变创新与风险资本融资关系——基于中国高新技术企业的实证研究

本文通过建立一个概念模型论证了企业家创业能力、企业创新类型与企业获得风险资本融资之间的关系,并考虑了市场导向与突变创新的交互作用对企业获得风险资本融资的影响,同时采用高新技术企业多行业的大样本数据验证了我们的模型。分析结果表明,企业家创业能力对获得风险资本融资具有显著正向影响,突变创新能够促进企业获得风险资本融资,企业家创业能力对突变创新也有正向影响。市场导向的调节作用表现在,市场导向进一步增强突变创新与风险资本融资之间的正相关关系,这反映出风险资本在选择投资项目时更加注重企业突变创新与市场导向的结合。     

关系成员企业管理者社会资本水平其机会主义行为间关系的实证研究——以中外合资企业为例

本文以中外合资企业为主要研究对象,就关系成员企业管理者社会资本水平与其在特定关系中的机会主义行为水平的联系及其对关系绩效的影响进行了实证研究。研究结果首次证实了企业管理者社会资本会提高其在特定关系中的机会主义倾向这一潜在关系的存在,但这种机会主义行为主要体现在对关系程序控制权的获取上,并不会降低社会资本在提升关系收益水平方面的价值,同时也不会影响关系成果分配的公平性。本研究的相关结论对于进一步的研究与企业管理实践均有一定价值。     

社会保障基金长期财务随机预测模型的比较与选择

为了测算分析社会保障制度的可持续发展,世界上不少国家建立了社会保障基金长期财务预测模型。与确定性财务预测模型相比,随机预测模型有利于阐明预测结果所面临的不确定。美国在运用随机预测模型对社会保障基金的财务状况做出预测方面走在世界最前端,我国对社会保障基金随机预测模型的研究基本处于空白。本文对美国社会保障署和国会预算办公室采用的社会保障基金长期随机预测模型进行了比较分析,对两种模型的选择给出了建议,最后提出了我国建立社会保障基金长期预测模型的一些建议。     

农业部门人力资本水平及其投资效率的研究

本文探讨改革开放30年我国农业部门人力资本及其效率问题,并与非农业部门进行比较。结果表明,农业部门和非农业部门人力资本总量均呈增加趋势,但农业部门人力资本占比呈持续下降趋势;农业部门的人力资本生产率低于非农业部门,全要素生产率在1990年前与非农业部门相近,但此后开始逐渐明显低于非农业部门,并有不断扩大趋势,前者差距的主要原因是人力资本的资本配置比的贡献不同,后者差距的主要是因为劳动力人力资本水平的影响效应不同;进一步考察人力资本重新配置,发现人力资本的自由流动虽然提高了整体效率,但也导致农业部门的发展萎缩。最后,据此提出对策建议。     

(Mis)framing Higher Education in South Africa

The question of how to make higher education more inclusive has been a central concern in South Africa and elsewhere over the past two decades. However, in South Africa there remains a disjuncture between policy aimed at promoting inclusivity and the experiences of students and staff in the higher education sector. In this article, the relationship between equity of access and equity of outcomes and the expectations that follow from these policy imperatives are examined from the perspective of Nancy Fraser's normative framework of social justice. In particular, her notion of misframing is used to analyze the current situation in the higher education sector in South Africa. The article concludes that a focus on individual higher education institutions is not sufficient to gain a perspective on the social arrangements required for participatory parity in higher education; and, in fact, such a focus is an instance of misframing and thus a form of injustice.     

Speaking of art: Class code or historical residual?

Knowledge and consumption of the fine arts were once considered symbolic of upper class standing. As cultural production has expanded, fine art products in various guises have become accessible to more people across the socioeconomic spectrum. This article looks at how the New York Times covered the American art scene in the 1950s and between 2000 and 2009 to investigate whether reporting has maintained a knowledge-based approach that provides evidence for the continuation of class status as it relates to writing about the arts. We argue that critics and reporters have used fungibility, social hierarchies, and disinterested language during these two time periods to maintain the role of the fine arts as a marker of social distinction.