法律选择中的例外条款

通过对采用例外条款的各国国际私法立法的比较,分析例外条款存在的合理性。探讨例外条款在国际私法典中的作用及其法理基础和存在价值。并对例外条款的未来发展趋势进行思考。     

自驾偏好、居民异质与居住选址——基于单中心城市模型的空间均衡分析

基于线性单中心城市模型,研究了自驾偏好和居民拥有车辆异质性对双方式交通走廊沿线居民出行方式选择和居住区位选址均衡的影响.将有车居民对自驾出行的偏好集成到直接效用函数中,建立了空间均衡模型.分析发现,当城市居民全部自驾出行时,租金-距离可能呈现先提高后降低的趋势.考虑只有部分居民拥有自驾车辆的一般情形,推导出了有车和无车居民在城市走廊沿线居住分布的不同均衡模式.通过理论解析,进一步考察了小汽车保有量和城市居民数量的变化对城市空间结构和居民效用水平的影响.     

公司治理影响债务期限结构类型吗?——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文采用面板数据,应用Logit模型和排序选择模型实证检验公司治理机制如何影响债务期限结构类型。研究发现公司治理确实对债务期限结构类型具有显著影响。经验结果大多支持治理水平高的公司,其内部人（管理者,控制股东）受到更严格的监督,债务供给者（银行）更愿意为其提供长期债务,其更倾向使用高的债务期限类型的论点。     

Decision Making in `Random in a Broad Sense' Environments

It is shown that the uncertainty connected with a `random in a broad sense' (not necessarily stochastic) event always has some `statistical regularity' (SR) in the form of a family of finite-additive probability distributions. The specific principle of guaranteed result in decision making is introduced. It is shown that observing this principle of guaranteed result leads to determine the one optimality criterion corresponding to a decision system with a given `statistical regularity'.     

Stochastic Choice and Consistency in Decision Making Under Risk: An Experimental Study

This paper reports the results of an experiment designed to uncover the stochastic structure of individual preferences over lotteries. Unlike previous experiments, which have presented subjects with pair-wise choices between lotteries, our design allowed subjects to choose between two lotteries or (virtually) any convex combination of the two lotteries. We interpret the mixtures of lotteries chosen by subjects as a measure of the stochastic structure of choice. We test between two alternative interpretations of stochastic choice: the random utility interpretation and the deterministic preferences interpretation. The main findings of the experiment are that the typical subject prefers mixtures of lotteries rather than the extremes of a linear lottery choice set. The distribution of choices does not change between a first and second asking of the same question. We argue that this provides support for the deterministic preferences interpretation over the random utility interpretation of stochastic choice. As a subsidiary result, we find a small proportion of subjects make choices that violate transitivity, but the level of intransitive choice falls significantly over time.     

A Theory of Rational Choice under Ignorance

This paper contributes to a theory of rational choice for decision-makers with incomplete preferences due to partial ignorance, whose beliefs are representable as sets of acceptable priors. We focus on the limiting case of `Complete Ignorance' which can be viewed as reduced form of the general case of partial ignorance. Rationality is conceptualized in terms of a `Principle of Preference-Basedness', according to which rational choice should be isomorphic to asserted preference. The main result characterizes axiomatically a new choice-rule called `Simultaneous Expected Utility Maximization'. It can be interpreted as agreement in a bargaining game (Kalai-Smorodinsky solution) whose players correspond to the (extremal) `acceptable priors' among which the decision maker has suspended judgment. An essential but non-standard feature of Simultaneous Expected Utility choices is their dependence on the entire choice set. This is justified by the conception of optimality as compromise rather than as superiority in pairwise comparisons.     

论二元户籍制度在中国的生成

我国二元户籍制度的构建过程分为三个阶段,即制度初建阶段、法制建设阶段和制度完善阶段。大量研究成果表明,二元户籍制度在中国的生成是经济、社会、政治及意识形态等因素综合影响的结果,其中政府最高决策层在制度选择过程中起到了决定性作用,并深刻影响了近三十年来的户籍制度改革进程。     

A delay-in-payment contract for Pareto improvement of a supply chain with stochastic demand

We consider a supply chain consisting of a single supplier and a single retailer with stochastic customer demand, which is operated over an infinite horizon. We propose a delay-in-payment contract to coordinate the supply chain. With this contract, the supplier allows the retailer to pay partial order cost at the ordering epoch, and to pay the remaining portion after a permissible number of periods. The system is formulated as a stochastic dynamic programming problem. It is shown that there exists a base-stock policy to be optimal. Compared with the traditional wholesale-price contract, the delay-in-payment contract with appropriate parameters can achieve a Pareto improvement (i.e., the performances of both the supplier and the retailer using the delay-in-payment contract are better than those using the wholesale-price contract). Numerical studies are performed to investigate both the effectiveness of the Pareto improvement, and the impact of the major parameters of the delay-in-payment contract on the system performance.     

吉伯德-萨特思韦特防策略不可能性定理的逻辑初探

自20世纪70年代吉伯德-萨特思韦特防策略不可能性定理确立后，引起了数学、经济学、计算机科学和哲学等诸多领域中学者的广泛关注。然而，在国内外文献中，对吉伯德-萨特思韦特防策略不可能性定理的逻辑研究还比较少。基于此，借助公理化的方法探讨吉伯德-萨特思韦特防策略不可能性定理，并形式化地给出定理的内容和证明，力图把精细的逻辑推理应用于复杂的过程分析中，使防策略投票这一过程形式化、清晰化，以期能指导人们进行合理、有效的决策活动。     

慈善与慈善组织的秩序维度与政策选择

人是生活在秩序维度的，人的生命的价值，尤其是劳动力的价值，与处于不同秩序维度有关系。公共慈善也是如此。它有原始秩序的维度，也有扩展秩序的维度，在不同的维度里，有不同的价值。从特朗普家族慈善基金会的命运，可以见出慈善和慈善组织涉及到的不同维度秩序的冲突。更好地发展慈善和慈善组织，需要解决冲突，在不同的秩序维度里，处理好各个方面的关系。