A Longitudinal Study of the Leadership Development Process: Individual Differences Predicting Leader Effectiveness

This study tracked the leadership development of236 male cadets from matriculation through graduation ata military college. Cognitive ability, physical fitness,prior influence experiences, and self-esteem measured in Year 1 were relevant to predictingthose who assumed formal leadership positions in Year 4.Physical fitness and prior influence experiencesmeasured when cadets entered the college predicted leader effectiveness rated in their fourthyear. Stress tolerance and moral reasoning levels didnot predict leader emergence or effectiveness, thoughthe set of individual difference measures significantly predicted emergence and effectiveness. Physicalfitness levels and moral reasoning increased over timefor all cadets, though surprisingly, levels ofself-esteem and stress tolerance did not increase over time. Overall the study demonstrated thatleadership effectiveness and emergence could bepredicted from early measures of individualdifferences.     

论企业管理中的激励作用

调动人的积极性,最大程度地提高效益是每个企业共同面对的课题。企业管理应充分考虑人的因素,建立科学的激励机制。企业文化是更高层次的激励。领导在决策、指导等工作中正确使用激励,为员工营造一个良好向上的工作环境非常重要。激励是管理,是艺术,它贯穿于企业管理全过程。科学的激励机制是一个伴随企业成长不断创新的动态过程。     

高校中青年干部媒介素养调查与思考

当前我国高校的管理者是否具备相应的媒介素养？在应对媒介进行危机公关过程中能力如何？成为信息时代高校实现和谐发展的一个具有重要现实意义的话题。通过对来自全国高校90名中青年干部媒介认知中媒介功能、角色认知及日常的媒介接触,对记者角色的理解,对媒介和高校的关系的认识以及包括危机初现时的信息管理,危机中媒介选择、网络运用、媒介策略在内的危机中媒介策略的问卷调查,并在了解高校管理者的媒介素养现状的基础上,提出了完善高校危机管理策略、提升信息时代高校管理者的素质结构和领导能力的思考。     

有关扎西会议的几点思考——纪念红军长征胜利70周年

有关红军长征途中召开的遵义会议,研究成果和论著非常之多,并且肯定其标志着中国共产党民主革命历史上的伟大转折。但是,就完成和实现这一转折的扎西会议重要作用的研究,还有待进一步的深入。本文通过历史事实的考察和毛泽东本人有关文字的分析,认为扎西会议的历史地位,应当得到更加充分的肯定和足够的凸现。     

我国高水平行业特色型大学一流学科建设的思考——世界学科排名的研究与启示

通过分析THE、QS、U.S.News和软科“四大世界学科排名”指标体系,发现世界学科排名指标体系具有共性特征：在指标内涵上强调论文产出,突出高影响力;在权重分配上强调学科分类,突出学科差异化;在评价形式上强调主观评价与客观评价相结合;在最新动向上强调国际交流与合作。在明确国际学科评价关注点的基础上,考察我国高水平行业特色大学在软科世界学科排名中的表现,结果发现：上榜总量较多且逐年上升,但名次分布靠后;工学领域表现强势,社会科学领域表现欠佳;论文数量与影响力具备竞争实力,但卓越科研、国际化水平相对落后。高水平行业特色大学未来要推进一流学科建设,应在学科发展适度综合化、科研产出注重高质化、学科建设突出国际化、学科评价强调多元化和学科建设遵循本土化等方面进一步下足功夫。     

Parameter Identification for Drift Fractional Brownian Motions with Application to the Chinese Stock Markets

This article deals with the problem of estimating all the unknown parameters in the drift fractional Brownian motion with discretely sampled data. The estimation procedure is built upon the marriage of the variation method and the ergodic theory. The strong consistencies of these estimators are provided. Moreover, our method and two existing approaches are compared based on the computational running time and the accuracy of estimation via simulation studies. We also apply the proposed method to the real high-frequency financial data within a window of 4 h in the trading day from the Chinese mainland stock market.     

高职院校领导干部心理和谐的诊断及构建

高职院校领导干部的心理和谐是指学校的党委书记、副书记、委员、校长、副校长等领导干部个体内部的自我心理和谐和群体内部彼此之间的心理和谐。由于受到职业倦怠、党政不和、唯官唯上、派系林立等不良因素的影响,高职院校许多领导干部的心理长期处于不和谐状态。为了维护领导干部的心理健康,高职院校必须在全校范围内树立正确的职业价值观、建立科学的考评机制、优化领导班子结构、建立强大的社会支持系统并引进EAP心理健康教育模式。     

Gerontocracy in a comparative perspective: Explaining why political leaders are (almost always) older than their constituents

Gerontocracy, in its narrowest sense, refers to political systems ruled by elderly people, whether de jure or de facto. Although formal gerontocratic rules are progressively disappearing, contemporary political systems are still governed by individuals who are significantly older than the mean voter. This article reviews existing explanations for the prevalence of gerontocracy. To summarize main findings, gerontocracy cannot be explained by the leadership qualities of older rulers: aging leaders do not perform better in office and voters seem to be aware of it. Instead, existing research suggests that gerontocracy can be explained by strategic considerations. In autocracies, the selectorate tends to choose aging leaders in order to reduce their expected tenure length. In democracies, voters are more likely to select experienced candidates, which they expect to be more effective at advancing the interests of their constituency: this premium put on experience mechanically lengthens political careers and increases the age of the average politician. Finally, older voters, which participate more in politics, tend to prefer older politicians, because they (correctly) expect them to better defend their own interests.     

Popular economic narratives advancing the longest U.S. expansion 2009–2019

The U.S. economic expansion since 2009 is the longest on record since 1854, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research Business Cycle Dating Committee. This paper seeks to understand this phenomenon better by looking at the time paths of popular narratives over this interval, of stories that people have been telling that offer clues into their economic behavior. Six constellations of narratives are studied, identified by keywords “Great Depression,” “secular stagnation,” “sustainability,” “housing bubble,” “strong economy,” and “save more.”     

General strong convergence for negatively associated random variables

For negatively associated (NA) random variables, we obtain two general strong laws of large numbers (SLLN) in which the coefficient of sum and the weight are both general functions. As corollaries, we obtain Marcinkiewicz-type SLLN, the logarithmic SLLN and Marcinkiewicz SLLN for NA random variables.