Leading teams over time through space: Computational experiments on leadership network archetypes

A key function of team leadership is building and sustaining shared mental models. Topological approaches to leadership identify structural patterns, such as decentralized and shared leadership that empower members to collectively lead themselves toward important goals, but an open question is the particular form of leadership that best promotes team mental models. We explored 8 leadership archetypes using a computational model fit on data from a unique sample of NASA analog space crews. Data from 4, 4-member crews living and working together for 45-days were used to parameterize the model which then accurately predicted mental models for the next set of 4-member crews. The validated model was used to conduct virtual experiments exploring the effects of leadership structures on mental models. We found shared leadership has the largest effect on shared mental models, followed by hierarchical and coordinated leadership. These findings extend shared leadership theory leveraging computational methods to examine leadership archetypes and suggest propositions about how they shape team functioning over time.     

Not just hot air: normative codes of conduct induce cooperative behavior

The shirking incentives arising within team production are in general counteracted by monitoring and sanctioning. However, these mechanisms are usually associated with high monitoring costs and cannot be applied to all parts of the production process. In a laboratory experiment we analyze the impact of less costly elements of organizational structure, such as normative codes of conduct and screening tests, on team production efficiency. We find that more allusions to a firm context lead to higher contributions. In particular, codes of conduct significantly increase cooperation and at the same time reduce free-riding behavior. Our study provides empirical evidence that normative codes of conduct are an effective means of increasing team production efficiency.

企业持续改进的组织行动模型实证研究

在复杂多变的全球化环境中,制造类企业面临激烈的竞争,这要求企业实施持续改进的先进管理模式。但企业中的各项改进活动应如何进行、由谁负责,则成为持续改进执行过程中的难点,故提出对持续改进绩效有显著正向影响的不同主体的三类组织改进活动,据此针对组织改进活动和持续改进绩效之间的关系建立了模型,并利用Continuous Innovation Network(CINet)等数据库的数据进行了结构方程模型的实证。结果表明,其拟合优度指数满足要求,模型比较理想。组织在持续改进过程中可将模型中的三类活动作为重点,逐步开展持续改进的各项活动,提高组织绩效,进而全面实现持续改进。     

历史交往主体:属性、构成和地位

历史交往是一个历史哲学概念。历史交往主体是历史交往系统中最基本、最核心的第一要素 ,本文就历史交往主体的属性、构成和地位 ,作了初步剖析 ,以就教于学界同仁。     

青春文学的崛起

＂青春文学＂的崛起是新世纪以来中国文坛最靓丽的景观之一。以＂80后＂为主体的青春文学作家,创作了一大批风靡国内的、以青少年为消费群体的文学作品,并在文学市场上取得令前辈作家侧目的成绩。从崛起到分化,再到逐渐成熟,青春文学走过了一段波澜壮阔的历程,成为和＂纯文学＂并峙的文学种类。尽管青春文学还显稚嫩,但随着青春文学作家的成长,我们有理由相信他们能写出无愧于时代的作品。     

Persuasion: An experimental study of team decision making

This paper studies persuasion within teams and investigates why teams commonly take, by some measures, better decisions than individuals. The analysis is based on data from electronic communication within teams of two players. Thanks to the experimental design, changes of an individual’s decision can be attributed to the content of the team partner’s message. The results for knowledge-related and strategic problems show that individuals’ decisions change upon receiving more informative and sophisticated arguments and remain the same otherwise. This individual behavior is an essential part of the information aggregation in teams and can explain the advantage of teams in decision making and in games.     

高管团队组成特征与行为整合关系研究

本研究运用公共组织、国有企业、民营企业和欧美外企等四类组织的325个高管团队样本,从行为视角探索了高管团队行为整合的结构和测量,重点研究了高管团队组成特征与行为整合的关系。实证结果发现,高管团队行为整合可分为决策参与、开放沟通和团队合作三个行为维度,高管团队规模、信任与高管团队行为整合变量显著相关。高管团队的多项异质性与行为整合显著负相关,这些异质性包括最高学历、海外学习考察时间、工作经历、每周工作时间、进入方式、团队任期、经营战略偏好等。     

大学英语作文题库内容效度方面存在的问题与建议

以测试理论和《大学英语教学大纲》为依据,以教学主体和教材为研究对象,分析宁夏大学《大学英语》三级成就测试作文题库,指出其在内容效度方面存在的三方面问题:(1)考试目的不明确;(2)命题不规范;(3)写作内容与形式不具代表性。提出提高考试命题人员的测试理论知识水平、制订考试规范和组建测试小组等改进建议,进一步建立科学、合理和规范的大学英语测试体系。     

1990年以来的日本经济增长分析

日本进入20世纪90年代之后,经济长期不振陷入爬行增长状态。通过国民收入支出法的量化分析,说明内需严重不足,特别是民间投资部门的增长率和贡献度都呈负值。尽管公共部门和国际贸易部门在经济增长中起到了一定的积极作用,但由于泡沫经济崩溃的影响和多年来积累的结构性矛盾的解决需要时间,所以直到21世纪初日本经济仍未能摆脱长期萧条的状态。     

Using the Image Exchange to Enhance Interdisciplinary Team Building in Child Welfare

A team building activity, the image exchange, was helpful to interdisciplinary teams in clarifying perceptions and opinions of participants about the roles of each discipline (child welfare, domestic violence, mental health, and substance abuse workers) at a five-day interdisciplinary training workshop. Discussion of team members’ perceptions and views provided opportunities to develop insights about misperceptions. Training in team development and role clarification provided a foundation for the development of effective interdisciplinary collaboration, which may improve interdisciplinary practice.Dr. Packard is an Associate Professor and Dr. Jones is a Professor in the School of Social Work at SDSU. At the time of writing, Ms. Nahrstedt was a Research Assistant in the School of Social Work at SDSU. This project was funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children, Youth, and Families.