Quantifying fear: The social impact of terrorism

This paper proposes a methodology to measure social impact of terrorism. We define a multidimensional terrorism index based not only on deaths but also on other variables such as injuries, bombs and kidnappings. The weight of each terrorist activity is given by its social impact, which is estimated through its relevance in the media. For this task we build up a new data set from the four most important newspapers in Spain, namely, El País, El Mundo, ABC, and La Vanguardia. Finally, we evaluate the social impact of ETA terrorism in Spain from 1993 through 2004.     

Terrorism and the effectiveness of security spending in Greece: Policy implications of some empirical findings

Greece has over the years faced serious security challenges from domestic as well as transnational terrorist activity. This paper examines empirically the effectiveness of counter-terrorism policy and particularly it focuses on current and investment expenditure on domestic security and public order. Using annual budget data for the 1974–2004 period, it investigates whether current and investment spending by the Ministry of Public Order has been an effective policy measure to counter terrorism. The results seem to suggest that such investment has at best a weak negative impact on internal terrorist actions. The main policy implication of this finding is that investing in counter-terrorist infrastructure and equipment can potentially prove to be an effective policy measure in the fight against terrorism. This, however, may be conditional upon a number of other factors including other anti-terrorist measures such as legislation or how efficiently such expenditure is used.     

北约东扩的前景及其对欧洲地缘政治环境的影响

从地缘政治学的角度阐述北约东扩的状况,分析北约东扩的前景,指出影响北约东扩的因素,探讨北约东扩对欧洲地缘政治环境的影响.     

Does counterterrorist legislation hurt human rights practices? A longitudinal cross-national analysis

In the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, many countries have passed new counterterrorist legislation. One of the common assumptions about such legislation is that it comes with a price: a compromise to practices of human rights. Previous research, looking at a wide range of case studies, suggested that this is indeed the case and that counterterrorist legislation often leads to subsequent repression. However, no large-scale cross-national study has yet assessed this relationship. Relying on a newly assembled database on nation-level counterterrorist legislation for the years 1981–2009, we conduct a cross-national time series analysis of legislation and repression. Our analyses find little evidence for a significant relationships between national counterterrorist legislation and various measures of core human rights in most countries. However, while legislation does not affect repression of physical integrity rights in countries with low and high levels of repression, it is associated with greater state repression in countries with intermediate scores of repression.     

Terrorism,military operations and farmer’s income in Waziristan (Pakistan)

This study examined the impact of military operations induced by terrorism on farmer’s income by collecting data from North and South Waziristan Agencies in Pakistan. Both regions have similar climate, lifestyle and agricultural activities but North was facing war while there was no war on terrorism in South. Data were collected from 110 respondents through interviews by using structured questionnaire. In estimated models, North Waziristan farmers’ income was significantly lower than the South Waziristan farmers due to military operation induced by terrorism. Government of Pakistan can enhance farm income by promoting education, livestock, orchard farming, market access and extension services.     

Assessing harmfulness and vulnerability in global bipartite networks of terrorist-target relationships

In this paper we leverage a massive attack-focused terrorist database and we design a dynamic bipartite network analysis to examine the structural evolution of terrorists-targets relationships. We introduce two novel measures to jointly assess harmfulness and vulnerability of terrorist and target groups, both at local and global level. Statistical validation using null models provides evidence that the information contained in these measures is new and not included in other variables, thus emphasizing the usefulness of these topological indicators. Finally, a policy-support experiment designed as network dismantling-like drill is proposed to assess the effects of potential attack preventive strategies.     

恐怖主义犯罪与危害国家安全犯罪的比较分析——以3.01昆明暴力恐怖袭击案为视角

恐怖主义犯罪是针对于平民实施的,蓄意造成人员伤亡的,意图借此对现政府或国际社会施压达到目的的犯罪行为,在我国刑法没有明确规定。危害国家安全罪是指故意危害中华人民共和国国家安全的行为,其犯罪构成在我国刑法学界已经达成共识。恐怖主义犯罪与危害国家安全犯罪在犯罪目的、罪过形式、危害行为表现形式、犯罪既遂类型方面存在联系。但是,两类犯罪的犯罪目的、具体行为方式、危害行为表现形式、国际刑事处遇方面也存在区别。     

论我国涉民族关系犯罪的立法完善——以煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视罪为切入点

我国刑法第249条对煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视罪的规定,对我国平等、团结、互助的民族关系的保护起到了重要作用,但是随着社会经济形势的不断发展,条文简单、笼统的规定与实践中出现的各种破坏民族关系的行为越来越不相适应。煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视罪的犯罪客体与本罪在实践中出现的多种犯罪行为性质不符,并且由此导致本罪在刑法分则体系中定位不准确。同时,该罪与其他煽动型犯罪相比也存在着不符合煽动型犯罪的一般特征与缺少相对应的实行行为犯罪的问题。在极端民族主义与恐怖主义日益紧密结合的今天,刑法对本罪的简单规定也不利于国家对恐怖主义的严厉打击。因此,我国有必要对包括本罪在内的涉及民族关系犯罪进行立法上的完善。     

Crisis communication in public arenas

This paper presents the results and recommendations from a survey regarding arena crisis management. The survey was completed by 150 members of the International Association of Assembly Managers (IAAM). Results indicate a heavy reliance on the two-way radio as a means of communication at the outset, and during, an arena crisis.     

恐怖主义对埃及旅游业的影响及政府的应对措施

旅游业是埃及的支柱产业,并且已经成为埃及第一大外汇收入来源。但是近年来,埃及恐怖事件频发,埃及成为了恐怖主义打击的主要对象国。恐怖主义给埃及的旅游目的地形象、旅游经济收入、旅游人数及旅游相关行业带来了不良影响。为对抗这些不良影响,埃及政府从加强埃及旅游目的地安全性、政策倾斜以及加大宣传等方面采取了积极的应对措施。