It is time that matters in crisis communication: The role of temporal distance and crisis threat appraisal

The present study advances scholarly understanding of publics’ crisis responses by examining a potential role of temporal crisis distance and crisis threat appraisal from the perspective of publics. It explored whether and how temporal distance from the influence of crises (proximal future vs. distant future) might predict threat appraisal components (i.e., situational demands and required resources) and publics’ crisis responses (i.e., crisis emotions and supportive behavioral intentions). This study tested the mediation model to explicate how temporal crisis distance affected crisis responses through crisis threat appraisal. The results revealed that temporal crisis distance significantly predicted publics’ perception of situational demands, which in turn influenced crisis responses. Theoretical and practical implications for crisis communication are discussed.     

对日本“中国威胁论”心理的解读与应对

在国际关系纷繁复杂的当今社会,日本对中国的崛起深感威胁。这种对中国的偏见影响了中日关系的健康发展。本文从心理角度对日本“中国威胁论”进行剖析,认为这种论调主要体现了危机意识、保守主义、机会主义、依赖主义和实用主义等日本人的心理习惯思维。要改变这一思维实属不易。但我们可以反过来利用日本人的心理习惯思维去消弭“中国威胁论”的消极影响,这对我们从深层次把握日本外交政策有一定的借鉴意义。     

Rating Threat Mitigators: Faith in Experts,Governments, and Individuals Themselves to Create a Safer World

This research explores public judgments about the threat-reducing potential of experts, individual behavior, and government spending. The data are responses of a national sample of 1225 to mail surveys that include measures of several dimensions of public judgments about violent crime, automobile accidents, hazardous chemical waste, air pollution, water pollution, global warming, AIDS, heart disease, and cancer. Beliefs about who can best mitigate threats are specific to classes of threats. In general, there is little faith that experts can do much about violent crime and automobile accidents, moderate faith in their ability to address problems of global warming, and greater expectations for expert solutions to the remaining threats. People judge individual behavior as effective in reducing the threats of violent crime, AIDS, heart disease, and automobile accidents but less so for the remaining threats. Faith in more government spending is highest for AIDS and the other two health items, lowest for the trio of violent crime, automobile accidents, and global warming, and moderate for the remaining threats. For most threats, people are not distributed at the extremes in judging mitigators. Strong attitudinal and demographic cleavages are also lacking, although some interesting relationships occur. This relative lack of sharp cleavages and the generally moderate opinion indicate ample opportunity for public education and risk communication.     

植物遗传资源获取与惠益分享的经济学分析

植物遗传资源是人类生存和发展的战略性资源。相关利益主体在争夺植物遗传资源时，利益冲突与分享博弈可以达成纳什均衡，这是一种社会成本最低的帕雷托最优状态。要维持这种均衡，并且使博弈双方的合作最终成为可能，就必须存在有效的威胁——完善、公正、有强制执行力的制度体系：确立完善的国际公约及国内立法，独立的植物遗传资源管理机构，严格的监督、处罚机制等等，这样才能提高社会经济活动的效率，增加社会总福利。     

试论阿以战争中的大国干预

大国干预地区事务体现在大国之间的横向互动以及大国与地区国家之间的纵向互动.大国干预具有制衡性、非对称性及强制性等特征,体现了大国干预的复杂动态过程.本文在叙述大国干预阿以战争的基础上,发现安全利益、威胁认知、文化认同等因素影响着大国干预地区事务的动机.当前巴以冲突中大国干预的影响依旧存在,且对阿以和平以及中东安全具有重要的历史和现实意义.     

What determines the rejection of immigrants through an integrative model

This study tests different explanations of anti-immigrant attitudes through a model that incorporates aspects of group conflict, social identity and intergroup contact theories. Multigroup structural equation modelling was applied in three surveys, which tracked the same indicators in no similar economic and migratory contexts. In times of economic crisis, the perceived economic threat seems to lead more to discrimination and rejection of immigrants (in line with Group Conflict Theory), while sense of cultural threat is more likely to curb any desire for coexistence with them. Both threats show to be affected by the perceived size of the immigrant population, which increases the feeling of threat in those traditionally favourable to immigration. Other explanatory factors were also corroborated. Increasing contact with immigrants helps to lessen rejection, especially in the case of cultural threat. Effects due to insecurity were less marked and those relating to qualification were contrary to what was hypothesized.     

Threat,prejudice and the impact of the riots in England

This paper examines how a major outbreak of rioting in England in 2011 impacted on prejudice toward three minority groups in Britain: Muslims, Black British and East Europeans. We test whether the riots mobilized individuals by increasing feelings of realistic and symbolic threat and ultimately prejudice, or whether the riots galvanized those already concerned about minorities, thus strengthening the relationship between threat and prejudice. We conducted three national surveys – before, after and one year on from the riots – and show that after the riots individuals were more likely to perceive threats to society’s security and culture, and by extension express increased prejudice toward Black British and East European minorities. We find little evidence of a galvanizing impact. One year later, threat and prejudice had returned to pre-riots levels; however, results from a survey experiment show that priming memories of the riots can raise levels of prejudice.     

中国是东盟经济繁荣的大市场——兼评“中国威胁论”

近几年的实践证明:中国已经是东盟的广阔贸易市场、巨大投资场所、农业发展的强大动力和旅 游业的新兴客源。中国的"和平崛起"为东盟及世界许多国家和地区的经济发展和繁荣带来了良好的机遇。中国 已成为东盟经济繁荣的大市场。"中国威胁论"是错误的、不切实际的。     

Typology and dimensionality of litigation public relations strategies: The Hewlett-Packard board pretexting scandal case

This study examined the content of litigation public relations (LPR) strategies Hewlett-Packard used in its recent board pretexting scandal by analyzing the press releases and newspaper coverage. Seven types of LPR strategies were identified and mapped using multidimensional scaling (MDS) along two continuums representing Defense–Accommodation and Ambiguity–Specification message attributes. Threat type was found to influence the choice of LPR strategies, which in return, impacted on how the publics attributed the organizational responsibility in the crisis. The use of emotional message played an important role in the two new LPR strategies, Information Supply and Strategic Avoidance.