Perceptions of work stress in Australian firefighters

This study surveyed 747 firefighters on their perceptions of work stress. The current emphasis in the fire brigades is on the management of traumatic or critical incident stress, but other work stressors may also be important. The firefighters rated their jobs as more stressful than other occupations, and psychological work stress as highest among a set of potential sources and types of stress. Although many factors were mentioned, the most frequently indicated stressors were associated with exposure to traumatic incidents such as major accidents or the suffering of others. Those who had previous experience with stress were more likely to rate current and future risk of stress as higher. Knowledge of existing organizational approaches to stress management was limited. The firefighters rated individual and informal sessions for dealing with stress as potentially more useful than the formal debriefing sessions now common in many emergency organizatins. Those who had previous experience with stress, however, were more likely to favour a formal organizational approach.     

高校学生群体性突发事件处理机制研究

研究高校学生群体性突发事件处理机制具有重要意义。高校学生群体性突发事件产生的原因是错综复杂的,必须建立行之有效的应对机制,包括预警机制、处理机制及善后处理机制。     

Work-related violence—is national reporting good enough?

Throughout Europe there are relatively few statistics, gathered a national level, which deal specifically with the problem of violence at work. In the UK, the revised Reporting of Injuries. Discases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995 now require that certain violent incidents are reported on a national basis. The criteria for reporting, which are entirely dependent on the physical outcome of incidents. are discussed. It is recommended that employing organizations should establish their own internal systems for reporting and recording a wider range of violent, and potentially violent. incidents. These should then be used to inform risk assessment and risk management.     

20世纪前期中国乡村发展的弱势地位探析——以江苏城乡关系为考察视角

中国近代,城乡联系不断加强,矛盾也随之加剧.城市攫取着乡村政治、经济、文化资源,却对农村的助推乏力.到20世纪前期,城乡关系失衡,一边是现代化程度日益增强的大城市,另一边是贫困落后的广大乡村.乡村在与城市的产品交易中地位下降,租税负担沉重,资金、青壮劳动力、社会精英纷纷流向城市,社会话语权渐失,乡村处于弱势地位,在江苏地区表现明显.这成为当时乡村群体性事件频发的结构性紧张因素之一.     

媒体参与下群体性突发事件的演化博弈

借助演化经济学研究工具,考虑媒体参与对群体行为的影响,构建包括媒体敏感因子、声誉损失和冲突处置成本等参数在内的群体性突发事件演化博弈模型,并对群体策略选择进行演化动态稳定性分析,通过数值仿真方法分析决策参数的不同取值和初始条件的改变对演化结果的影响及其演化路径。结果表明：媒体敏感因子和声誉损失是影响群体性突发事件动态演化的关键因素,媒体敏感因子和声誉损失较高时,无论是强势群体还是弱势群体,都会选择合作策略,协商解决利益分配问题。政府应充分利用和发挥媒体监督职能对群体策略选择的引导作用,促使群体性突发事件跳出“不良锁定”状态,朝着理想状态演化。     

欠发达地区农村突发性群体事件成因及对策分析

一些欠发达地区农村由于片面追求经济社会跨越式发展的单向度思维,导致各类问题和矛盾负面影响放大,突发性群体事件时有发生,并成为影响农村社会稳定的重要因素。分析总结近年来欠发达地区农村突发性群体事件的成因类型,提出有较强针对性的对策措施,维护广大群众的合法权益,是公共治理部门践行“三个代表”、构建和谐社会急需思考的问题。     

“秩序审美”的伦理向度——以群体性事件生成机制为解读路径

文章通过透视热点新闻,揭示其背后的始作俑者——"秩序审美"的冲动,以群体性事件生成机制为解读路径,探讨冲突的暴力化、群体化折射出的价值取向,从而引出"秩序审美"的伦理向度问题,以理性、善为载体,反思新闻背后的社会机理,并提出幸福城市的伦理生态构建。     

群体性突发事件中政府机会主义行为的演化博弈分析

群体性突发事件成为影响当前我国社会稳定和实现现代化平稳过渡的重要因素,但是研究主要是基于实践经验的概述和总结分析上,缺少合适的理论分析工具揭示群体性突发事件的演化规律和发展特征。本文尝试运用演化博弈理论建立了地方政府部门与社会弱势群体之间的演化博弈模型,分析了地方政府部门机会主义行为导致的群体性突发事件呈现扩大化的趋势。研究结果表明:(1)如果社会弱势群体的情绪和行动尚未激化,至多停留在集体上访或集会等体制内平和的诉求手段,机会主义的地方政府将采取高压强硬策略;此时博弈均衡结果是(妥协或平和诉求,强硬);(2)一旦弱势群体中出现少数分子采取了"打砸抢"等暴力抗争的行动,由于机会主义政府转而做出较大让步,从而诱导其他弱势成员相继采取暴力抗争行动,事态反而进一步呈现扩大趋势。因此,群体性突发事件处置过程中,地方政府的机会主义行为不仅延误事件处置的最佳时机,而且直接导致了事态的扩大化。最后结合数值分析和瓮安事件案例,剖析了地方政府部门采取的机会主义应急处置措施,以及本文理论模型的适用范围。     

创伤后应激障碍记忆机制研究述评

创伤后应激障碍的典型症状之一是侵扰性记忆,且重复体验。文章首先阐释创伤后应激障碍记忆的主要特点,然后介绍关于其形成机制的压力反应理论、联想网络系统理论、双向呈现理论、情绪加工理论等,并从研究内容、实验方法等角度进行讨论。这些理论立足于个体信念、创伤理解意义、认知评价,创伤信息的新旧信息加工等,从单一维度到多个维度,逐步深入探究。其中压力反应理论源于心理动力学,双向呈现理论源于多重记忆系统,情绪加工理论源于认知的整合模型。近年来,一些神经生物学模型结合心理认知成分与大脑加工机制,探索脑部相关区域的激活与抑制,更好地诠释了PTSD的记忆形成机制。多数理论认为存在不同记忆的功能变化是PTSD记忆的形成原因。总之,这些理论都需要进一步的研究验证。     

Treating Juveniles in a Sex Offender Program Using Adventure-Based Programming: A Matched Group Design

ABSTRACT

This case describes bodily experiences that appeared to cue child sexual abuse memories during psychotherapy by a woman who was amnesic for her childhood and suffered from chronic dissociative states. Though corroboration was unavailable, she became increasingly confident about her returning memories. Special efforts were made to avoid making suggestions. The article proposes the theory that integrates the construct of the self with the relationship between bodily experiences and memory narratives. It suggests that: (1) amnesia and recovering memories involve normal and abnormal memory mechanisms; (2) remembering during psychotherapy is complex; (3) psychotherapy need not be suggestive; (4) inaccessible memories may act as constraints on suggestibility; and (5) narrative recall may depend on the connection of bodily experiences with self-reflection.