Collapsing the Boundaries? Fatherhood,Organization and Home‐Working

In the modern western world, the discursive construction of fatherhood and everyday fathering practices has been underpinned by the spatial separation of work from home, of public from private. However, increasing numbers of employees are now working from home and a disproportionate number of these are men with young children. This article draws on new empirical research to examine the implications for fathers and for organizations as home‐working disrupts earlier spatial configurations of fatherhood and fathering practices. The article concludes that as the spatial boundaries between home and work collapse, new accommodations between fatherhood/fathering and organization are emerging. However, these are underpinned by a traditional gender division of labour in the household. More broadly, these findings confirm the inadequacy of static distinctions between public and private, showing that while such distinctions are still used to mark space and time, this is relational, contingent and unstable.     

Threshold decisions: how social workers prioritize referrals of child concern

This paper examines local authority social workers' decision‐making when considering referrals of children, where the concerns are on the margin of child protection procedures. In doing so, it describes the findings of a qualitative research study undertaken in the policy context of attempts to ‘refocus’ social work practice in the late 1990s and early twenty‐first century. Data collection involved interviews with social workers and parents in 23 cases. Conclusions are that referrals were evaluated on the basis of five key factors, specificity, severity, risk, parental accountability and corroboration, the use of which determined whether an initial assessment or an investigation of alleged abuse took place. The analysis builds on previous work in the child protection field, but demonstrates how the application of these factors differs between cases of child concern and cases of child protection. Policy implications concern the complexity of decision‐making in the uncertain context of limited referral information and it is proposed that the simplistic notion of a continuum of abuse is now outdated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Child‐Care Usage and Mother‐Infant “Quality Time”

Mothers' time‐use patterns were compared in families in which infants spent more than 30 hours per week in child care (In‐Care group; n= 143) versus 0 hours per week (At‐Home group; n= 183) from birth to 6 months of age. In‐Care group mothers spent about 12 fewer hours per week interacting with their infants, for about 32% less time; fathers of these infants were more involved in caregiving. The groups did not differ in the quality of mother‐infant interaction. In the In‐Care group, quantity of interaction was related to greater separation anxiety and concerns about effects of maternal employment. Time‐use data were not related to child outcomes at 15 months of age. Results suggest that the effect of extensive time spent apart on the quantity and quality of mother‐infant interaction may be smaller than anticipated.     

Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross‐National Perspective

The authors examine the effect of premarital cohabitation on the division of household labor in 22 countries. First, women do more routine housework than men in all countries. Second, married couples that cohabited before marriage have a more equal division of housework. Third, national cohabitation rates have equalizing effects on couples regardless of their own cohabitation experience. However, the influence of cohabitation rates is only observed in countries with higher levels of overall gender equality. The authors conclude that the trend toward increasing cohabitation may be part of a broader social trend toward a more egalitarian division of housework.     

网络化的课程CAI设计开发

介绍素质教育带给教育改革和课程改革巨大影响的基础上 ,详细地论述网络课程设计与开发的意义、基本过程及关键环节 ,文章认为具备了易用性、高效性、专业性及可扩充性等特点的网络课程对于实现自主创新性教育有极大的推进作用。     

Girls’ Jobs for the Boys? Men,Masculinity and Non‐Traditional Occupations

Occupational segregation by sex remains the most pervasive aspect of the labour market. In the past, most research on this topic has concentrated on explanations of women’s segregation into low paid and low status occupations, or investigations of women who have crossed gender boundaries into men’s jobs, and the potential impact on them and the occupations. In contrast, this article reports on a small‐scale, qualitative study of ten men who have crossed into what are generally defined as ‘women’s jobs’. In doing so, one of the impacts on them has been that they have experienced challenges to their masculine identity from various sources and in a variety of ways. The men’s reactions to these challenges, and their strategies for developing and accommodating their masculinity in light of these challenges, are illuminating. They either attempted to maintain a traditional masculinity by distancing themselves from female colleagues, and/or partially (re)constructed a different masculinity by identifying with their non‐traditional occupations. This they did as often as they deemed necessary as a response to different forms of challenge to their gender identities from both men and women. Finally, the article argues that these responses work to maintain the men as the dominant gender, even in these traditionally defined ‘women’s jobs’.     

浅析人力资源投资信息的形成和披露

在企业所有的经济资源中 ,人力资源是最为重要的资源 ,它是凝聚在广大职工身上的知识、技能及表现出来的能力 ,是企业成长和发展的主要因素。而传统会计将耗费在人力资源方面的各项支出定性为一种“消费支出”或“非生产支出” ,作为一项费用来处理 ,人力资源信息不能在财务会计报告中得以很好地揭示和披露。正确地确认和计量人力资源 ,把耗费在人力资源上的支出作为一项资产 ,将其作为一项投资 ,列入资本性支出 ,在财务会计报告中充分地揭示和披露 ,可以满足广大财务报告使用者的信息需要     

企业现行分配制度的问题及改革

文章指出了企业现行分配制度存在的问题,阐述了岗效工资的运行机制,提出了岗效工资是企业分配制度改革的方向。     

论以德治国

以德治国是新的治国方略,它既体现出中国传统政治文化一德治的意蕴,又是毛泽东以来几代国家领导人不懈探索的结晶。从毛泽东首倡的为人民服务到邓小平的精神文明与物质文明要两手抓,两手都要硬,再到江泽民的以德治国,中国共产党的治国方略逐渐走向成熟。贯彻这一治国方略,应从以德治党着手。     

中共“七大”前后毛泽东的美国观的推演

中共"七大"前后,毛泽东的美国观经历了赞扬美国是"资本主义世界最典型的民主国"到深信美国"实在是一个敌对性的帝国主义"的戏剧性的推演;美苏关系是毛泽东的美国观推演的国际背景,而美国对华政策则是毛泽东观感、认知和评价美国的基本尺度;毛泽东的美国观具有意识形态的色彩又兼备革命现实主义的特征,它显现了毛泽东的民族主义情结与现代化追求之间的内在张力。