Family Social Work: The Past and the Present

SUMMARY

It is easy to blame the dysfunction of a family member on his or her behavioral patterns. I use the title, “It's the Relationship, Stupid!” not to talk down to family therapists, but to remind myself that the source of dysfunction is usually family relationships, especially the marriage relationship. This article gives several case studies for practical application of therapy techniques that focus on developing the “WE” of the family unit. One practical technique that I developed is a communication typology. The married couple (and family members) are divided into “Painters” and “Pointers.” This typology explains much of the conflict and mis-communication that leads to the breakdown of the “WE.” This article also presents dysfunction within the individual as a relationship problem and introduces the concept of the “spirit” of the individual as expressing the relationship the person has with self.     

《扬子法言》中句末连用语气词汇释

语气词是用来帮助表示各种语气的。当几个语气词连用时,语气的表达上往往存在主次之分,语气的重心一般落在最后一个语气词上,其作用是加强之前语气的表达效果。《扬子法言》一书中句尾语气词连用的现象非常多。其中以两个语气词连用为多见,有"已乎""也哉"、"矣夫"、"也与"、"也者"、"矣乎"、"矣哉"、"也夫"、"乎哉"、"而已"等;也有三个语气词连用的情况,如"也已矣"、"而已矣"、"已矣哉"、"几矣哉"。不同语气词的选择使用可以让作者的思想感情更完整的展现在读者面前。     

现代汉语语气词意义主观性的主体差异--以《雷雨》为例

文章旨在探讨说话人在使用现代汉语语气词表达主观意义时的主体差异。研究表明:表达主观意义的语言手段多种多样,说话人为了实现交际目的需对其进行选择,这种语言选择会受到各种主客观因素和话语功能的影响。文章尝试以语言主观性为理论基础, 建立现代汉语语气词意义主观性的分析模式,然后对《雷雨》中语气词意义主观性的主体差异进行了个案分析。      

粤語的“據由”助詞初探

據由助詞標示訊息之來源,從而表達說話者對陳述內容真實性的相信程度。作為一個語法類別,許多語言衰的據由用法已受到廣泛研究,但至今尚未引起華人語言學家的注意。通過觀察生活中使用的粤語,筆者發現粤語至少有兩個據由助詞,即"(?)"和"嚟"。"(?)"是"引述據由"助詞,表示提供的訊息屬於轉述,說話者不保證它的真實、準確性。"嚟"是"推理據由"助詞,表示所述事情是憑據跡象推理出來的。本文除了分析這兩個據由助詞的語法特點,還綜合比較了兩者的用途和句法。     

真空涨落下的引力理论

在真空涨落基本假设的基础上，提出物质周围的引力空间模型，以此推演引力的距离反平方公式，并解释引力红移形成的机制，计算结果与广义相对论一致．引力空间中真空涨落子按能量分布的规律显示出其具有类似于热力学统计的特征．     

语气词在命令式句子中的修辞色彩

语气词在俄语中占极小的比例 ,不为人所重视 ,但在日常口语中使用却极为广泛。构形语气词、情态语气词、否定语气词及命令式加语气词所发生转义 ,说明这些语气词在命令式句中具有修辞特点     

Gender and the use of pragmatic particles in Indonesian

Studies of male and female conversational styles in several cultures have shown differences in a number of areas, including the use of pragmatic particles. In most studies, women have been shown to behave more cooperatively, and men more competitively. This paper presents a study of two pragmatic particles in Indonesian conversations, kan ;and iya/ya, which cover a range of functions similar to English tag questions and the pragmatic particle you know. Given these similarities, parallel differences in usage might have been expected. However, differences occur much less frequently than has been the case in these other studies, and although the direction of such gender biases as were observed was generally in the same direction as found in other studies, on the whole Indonesian usage by both genders was facilitative. This result is then seen as a reflection of Indonesian cultural values, which place a premium on maintaining the appearance of cooperative behavior.     

机载大尺寸天线平面度控制与测试研究

从系统的角度研究了天线设计、分析和测试验证的思路和方法,提出了一种机载大尺寸平面相控阵天线动态平面度的控制措施,提出了光电位置传感器和动态位移传感器相融合的实时测量技术,通过对飞行条件下天线动态变形的实时测试,研究了天线的动态平面度变化规律,该结果为动平台条件下大尺寸平面阵天线结构设计和优化提供了技术手段,测试方法为类似研究提供了工程参考.     

哈萨克语限制和否定语气助词

对现代哈萨克语限制语气助词和否定语气助词的 5个成员的用法分布情况和各种意义做详尽描写 ,并探讨其来源     

Statistical techniques in stereology

Stereology typically concerns estimation of properties of a geometric structure from plane section information. This paperprovides a brief review of some statistical aspects of this rapidly developing field, with some reference to applications in the earth sciences. After an introductory discussion of the scope of stereology, section 2 briefly mentions results applicable when no assumptions can be made about the stochastic nature of the sampled matrix, statistical considerations then arising solelyfrom the ‘randomness’ of the plane section. The next two sections postulate embedded particles of specific shapes, the particular case of spheres being discussed in some detail.

References are made to results for ‘thin slices’ and other prob-ing mechanisms. Randomly located convex particles, of otherwise arbitrary shape, are discussed in section 5 and the review concludes with a specific application of stereological ideas to some data on neolithic mining.