JOB INSECURITY,STRESS AND GENDER

This study examined the complex relationships between gender, job insecurity and job-related stress. Previous findings have suggested that men experience greater job insecurity than women, and are more vulnerable to job-related stress. The current study tested the hypothesis that the gender ideology of employees moderates the effect of gender on job insecurity and stress. Data were obtained by questionnaires from a sample of 203 married employees. The results showed that traditional men experience greater job insecurity than traditional women. However, as hypothesized, egalitarian men and women exhibited similar degrees of job insecurity. Furthermore, job insecurity in traditional men and in egalitarian men and women was related to loss of control stress, financial stress and stress expressions at home, whereas traditional women were relatively protected from job-related stress. These findings illuminate the important moderating role played by gender ideology in the relationships between gender, job insecurity and stress.     

和谐社会构建下的性别平等教育

促进性别平等的教育是构建和谐社会的必然趋势和重要内容。本文在探讨性别平等教育相关概念的基础上，回顾近十几年来国际社会与中国政府对性别平等所做出的重要教育承诺，反思教育领域中性别平等的进展状况，指出质量不足、制度化欠缺和多元文化视角的盲点是影响性别平等教育顺利实施的主要问题。     

Integrating Educational Careers in Work and Family

Educational careers are shaped by both work and family roles. This study compares middle-class dual-earner couples in which wives were currently returned to school (N = 124) with couples in which the wives had never returned to school (N = 866). These data are combined with additional in-depth interviews with 24 women who returned to school. Our life course perspective highlights why working women return to school, the resistance they experience in redefining family roles, and outcomes on family and marital satisfaction. Gendered family adaptive strategies, made earlier in the life course, are associated with the decisions to return to school and the negative impact this decision has on family life quality.     

Mobile Selves: Gender, ethnicity and mobile phones in the everyday lives of young Pakistani-British women and men

This paper focuses on mobile phone use by a young minority ethnic group as a medium through which to explore diversity and technology use in everyday life. Recent research with young people has shown that mobile phones are instrumentally, socially and emotionally important but few have problematized the homogeneous concept of 'youth'. This paper argues for increased recognition of the intersections of social categories such as youth, gender and ethnicity with technologies, specifically mobile phones, in order to understand complexity of use. Drawing on new empirical, qualitative data from an urban area in the North East of England we explore the focus group narratives of young Pakistani-British Muslim women and men focusing on the notion of 'shifting' gendered and cultural identities and social practices, developed and reworked in relation to the use of mobile phones. We look at the gendered dynamics of mobile use, including gender talk and text, and ask whether the young women and men experience mobiles differently in everyday life. We also explore the ways in which mobiles are used to create 'space of one's own' and the gendered dynamics of remaining connected, especially to key peer groups. The paper concludes with the assertion that in order to fully explore the mutability of youth cultures across space and time, we need to develop a more dynamic concept of 'mobile selves' by exploring the place and meaning of technologies such as mobile phones in the rich tapestries of young people's lives.     

华宴:十一世纪的性别与文体

中国雅正文化形成于9—11世纪。此时,一个另类的话语空间开始出现,并把传统诗歌形式排斥在外,通过这种排斥,使传统诗歌成为雅正的。这个另类话语空间即本文所谓华宴。北宋初年晏殊的家宴是一个典范。这类诗酒集会有严格的规矩,通常是歌伎的演唱暗示和挑动欲望,但她们的表演总是突然中止,女性被罢遣,接下来的重心转向属于男性社会的创作:雅正的诗传统。他们的词里关于丧失与渴望的意象,实际上正好体现了社会对词曲表演本身的限制,因而成为合法的。另一方面,词体中文言和白话语言层次的参差对照及突出转换,也暗示了欲望的中止和诗意的产生。如此,雅正文学在其自身的形成中获得了一个影子,它在词中存在,容纳了在雅正的诗文中不能表现的东西,并使其他一切都变得缺乏意义。     

论唐代诗歌观念对小说创作的影响

唐代小说创作有明显的诗歌意识，这与唐代的诗歌观念有着重要的关系。中唐诗歌的俗艳观念下歌传相偶，小说创作取材于诗歌，并运用诗歌作为小说表现的重要手段；唐代诗歌兴象、意境、韵味等审美观念影响着小说创作的诗化，使唐代小说印上诗歌鼎盛时代的烙印。     

略论交际中的性别定型

作为社会成员的各性别主体往往按照所属文化群体的价值观念、伦理道德规范行事，这些观念和规范造就了他们的社会性别特征和社会交往关系。三个因素即社会化、大众传媒和从众效应对性别定型起着重要作用。性别定型观念使得人们忽略了性别个体之间的差异，产生消极作用。只有客观理解性别定型，才能在交际活动中超越，陆别定型，促进全世聚性别平等。     

Rear gunners and troubled privates: Wordplay in a dick joke competition1

A humorous competition called ‘The Adventures of Naked Man’ ran in a Wellington (New Zealand) newspaper from 1999 to 2000. The competition's protagonist is the sole naked person in a drawn setting where, because of some convenient object or body position, his penis is obscured from sight. Entrants to the competition submitted a caption to go with the drawn setting, the point being to make humour. Without explicit instruction, most entrants constructed some form of dick joke, the interesting questions being, just how, and with what variations? These questions are pursued by drawing on the full corpus of Naked Man settings and captions. Basic principles of conversation analysis, including some early work of Sacks on punning, are used to analyse the nature and popularity of the Naked Man competition. The article also offers some more speculative comments to do with gender and the organisation of language about sexuality.     

关于家庭暴力产生原因的社会性别分析

家庭暴力的产生不仅仅是因为特定个人、特定家庭的原因，而是有其深厚的社会文化传统的原因，这个原因从社会性别视角来看，就是一个由男权文化和夫权思想所制造出来的不平等的社会性别关系的存在。如果把家庭暴力的深层原因，停留在社会变迁、社会宽容、人的素质低下和女性自身的软弱，而不去进行更深层次的反省，反而会遮蔽家庭暴力产生的根源，不利于彻底去除家庭暴力这一破坏家庭平安、社会和谐的毒瘤。     

贯彻男女平等基本国策与云南少数民族妇女参政

妇女参政是指妇女参与政治决策和政务管理的活动,即:妇女参政一方面是指妇女和男子享有同等的权利,并共同行使公民民主的权利的活动,另一方面是指妇女在各级党的机关、各级国家机关担任领导职务。马克思曾说过:“社会的进步可以从女性的社会地位来精确的衡量。”妇女参政是妇女社会地位提高的重要标志,也是社会文明进步的标志之一。所以,要贯彻男女平等基本国策,其中最重要的是包括男女平等地参政议政,尤其是少数民族妇女的参政议政,民族地区才能与全国同步平等和谐地发展。