吉林省生物医药产业知识产权问题研究

吉林省生物医药行业已被列为吉林省支柱产业,促进生物医药行业的发展成为当前主要任务。本文主要针对生物医药行业发展过程中的知识产权(主要为专利和发明)发展现状与问题及企业在体制与制度方面出现的问题及原因进行研究,提出解决措施,以期对吉林省生物医药行业的发展起到促进作用。     

退耕还林的经济学分析

依据产权理论 ,本文提出了资产价值特征概念 ,以此分析了树木的资产价值特征 ,阐发了退耕还林制度出台的内在逻辑 ,并在文末对资产价值特征概念的使用范围做了推广 ,提出了一个国企改革的切入点。     

Island biogeography for an urbanizing world: how extinction and colonization may determine biological diversity in human-dominated landscapes

Urbanization is increasing worldwide with potentially important implications to biological diversity. I show that bird diversity is responsive to the reduction of forest cover associated with urbanization in the Seattle, WA, USA metropolitan area. Bird diversity peaks at intermediate levels of human settlement primarily because of the colonization of intermediately disturbed forests by early successional, native species. Extinction of native forest birds and colonization of settlements by synanthropic birds have lesser effects on the overall pattern of avian diversity with respect to the level of urbanization. However, extinction increases linearly with loss of forest and colonization by synanthropic species decreases curvilinearly with reduction of urbanization. These findings have biological, theoretical, and practical implications. Biologically, intermediate disturbance appears to drive diversity by increasing the heterogeneity of the local land cover. Theoretically, I present a graphical model and use it to derive testable hypotheses about how extinction and colonization are affected by urbanization to determine local diversity. Practically, maintaining high local diversity without reducing regional or global diversity will require planning so that the same landscapes are not promulgated everywhere. This will require cooperation among a diverse group of planners, ecologists, policy makers, home owners, educators, and activists.     

生态建筑观

生物学是自然科学之一,建筑学具有综合性和规划性的特点,是面向未来的设计。生物学与建筑学的关系需要认真地清理和分析,这是当前现实与实践所亟需的。建筑的生态环境问题比以前任何时候都更为急迫,事实上,环境问题是生物学中的重要问题。摩登建筑运动时代,建筑师最大的失误是对生物学的无知与困惑。     

食用菌细胞融合新品种金凤2-1的生物学特性研究

金凤 2— 1是利用金针菇和凤尾菇的细胞原生质体 ,采用细胞融合技术选育出来的兼有亲本优良特性的新品种[1] 。研究了温度、湿度、pH值、光线、培养基质、栽培料等因素与金凤 2— 1菌丝生长和子实体生长的关系。结果表明 :金凤 2— 1母种最适宜在N源丰富的松针培养基、蛋白胨培养基、酵母膏和天然加富培养基上生长 ;菌丝生长温度范围为 5～ 35℃ ,最适温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃ ,菌丝生长pH值范围是 3～ 10 ,最适pH为 5～ 6 ;栽培料以杂木屑和杂木屑与棉籽壳混合料最好。该菌株菌丝生长速度快 ,生活周期短、转潮快、抗逆性强 ,所采三潮菇生物转化率为 113.8%。     

Efficient Algorithms for Local Alignment Search

We present efficient algorithms for local alignment search in biological sequences. These algorithms identify maximal segment pairs (MSPs). Our algorithms have the potential of performing better than BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and also are efficiently parallelizable. We employ Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs). Though several attempts have been made in the past to employ FFTs in sequence analysis, they fail to capture local similarities. Our algorithms employ FFTs in a novel way to identify local similarities. FFT-based techniques have the attractive feature of benefiting from ultrafast special purpose hardware available for digital signal processing.     

谈语言的重要特征

理论创新可始于语言重要特征的研究.本文从认知角度出发,解释了语言的人类性、交际性、有声性、任意性、符号性、系统性等,同时也解释了语言的天生性和后天性之间的关系.所有这些特征都和语言的人类性和人类的生理性、社会文化性、思维性有关.语言特征研究的启示是语言研究可以人类这三种特性作为出发点.     

Great Expectations. Part I: On the Customizability of Generalized Expected Utility

We propose a generalization of expected utility that we call generalized EU (GEU), where a decision maker’s beliefs are represented by plausibility measures and the decision maker’s tastes are represented by general (i.e., not necessarily real-valued) utility functions. We show that every agent, “rational” or not, can be modeled as a GEU maximizer. We then show that we can customize GEU by selectively imposing just the constraints we want. In particular, we show how each of Savage’s postulates corresponds to constraints on GEU.     

Optimal Inspection of Imports to Prevent Invasive Pest Introduction

The United States imports more than 1 billion live plants annually—an important and growing pathway for introduction of damaging nonnative invertebrates and pathogens. Inspection of imports is one safeguard for reducing pest introductions, but capacity constraints limit inspection effort. We develop an optimal sampling strategy to minimize the costs of pest introductions from trade by posing inspection as an acceptance sampling problem that incorporates key features of the decision context, including (i) simultaneous inspection of many heterogeneous lots, (ii) a lot‐specific sampling effort, (iii) a budget constraint that limits total inspection effort, (iv) inspection error, and (v) an objective of minimizing cost from accepted defective units. We derive a formula for expected number of accepted infested units (expected slippage) given lot size, sample size, infestation rate, and detection rate, and we formulate and analyze the inspector's optimization problem of allocating a sampling budget among incoming lots to minimize the cost of slippage. We conduct an empirical analysis of live plant inspection, including estimation of plant infestation rates from historical data, and find that inspections optimally target the largest lots with the highest plant infestation rates, leaving some lots unsampled. We also consider that USDA‐APHIS, which administers inspections, may want to continue inspecting all lots at a baseline level; we find that allocating any additional capacity, beyond a comprehensive baseline inspection, to the largest lots with the highest infestation rates allows inspectors to meet the dual goals of minimizing the costs of slippage and maintaining baseline sampling without substantial compromise.     

地方本科院校生物技术专业校内课外实践教学研究

采用分组方式对地方性本科院校生物技术专业校内课外实践教学进行了研究。结果表明,地方性本科院校生物技术专业从校内课外实践教学入手,能加强实践教学,大副度减少实践教学与理论教学的时间冲突,实践时间长,实践教学环境稳定,效果良好。