Trends in the History of Vocational Guidance

In this article, the relationships between vocational guidance and vocational education, employment counseling, career guidance, and career counseling are explored. Also examined are the wide‐ranging federal and state policies that have stimulated and shaped the professional history of vocational guidance, vocational policy, and contemporary terms.     

Building Strength Through Challenging Homophobia: Liberation Workshops with Younger and Midlife Irish Lesbians

Drawing on the theoretical framework of liberation psychology, this article details workshops on liberation psychology conducted in Ireland with lesbian and transgendered persons aged from early 20's to late 50's. Both younger and older lesbians in the workshops benefited from the opportunity to focus on oppression and to explore options for transformation. The workshops illustrated many of the strengths and vulnerabilities associated with living with homophobia and demonstrated the value of action and engagement. Midlife lesbians were more aware of the systemic nature of homophobia and of the negative emotions related to that. They saw many of these as understandable and even necessary reactions to oppression rather than as negative patterns. These older lesbians tended to be more accepting of the course their lives had taken and of the ways in which choices had been influenced by homophobia and heterosexism. They tended to be more relativistic in their views on coming out, viewing coming out as a decision for each context rather than an overall principle. They valued the importance of community and of activism, and though they were aware of some of the challenges, they also had more positive experiences in this area. These strengths can facilitate managing both homophobia and aging more effectively.     

A Study of Battered Women’s Purpose of Life and Resilience in South Korea

The principal objective of this study is to determine whether battered women’s purpose of life (meaning/value) affects resilience (self‐efficacy/communication efficiency/optimism). This purpose is meaningful in that it may help provide battered women with a new perspective of a changeable life, away from the negative perspectives frequently associated with domestic violence sufferers. The subjects of this study were 110 battered women staying at shelters located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The survey was conducted between August 15 and September 20, 2010. The data were collected using questionnaires measuring sociodemographic variables, a purpose‐of‐life scale, and a resilience scale. The collected data were evaluated with frequency, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the meaning and value of life positively influenced self‐efficacy. Second, only the meaning had a beneficial effect on communication efficiency. Third, only the value variable positively affected optimism. Therefore, this study implied that resilience is an important area in the context of spousal abuse. Based on these results, a program for enhancing the meaning of life is suggested to help domestic violence survivors to build up resilience.     

鲁迅和周作人人生观的当代思考

对鲁迅和周作人的人生选择进行评述 ,并对人生观的一些问题作了思考 :一是个体与群体的关系 ,如何看待和处理个人本位价值观和国家、民族利益的关系 ;二是做什么样的人 ,当代青年应该树立什么样的人生观和价值观 ;三是为人和为文的关系 ,不能因人废文 ,也不能因人定文。     

Assessing Engineering Resilience for Systems with Multiple Performance Measures

Recently, efforts to model and assess a system's resilience to disruptions due to environmental and adversarial threats have increased substantially. Researchers have investigated resilience in many disciplines, including sociology, psychology, computer networks, and engineering systems, to name a few. When assessing engineering system resilience, the resilience assessment typically considers a single performance measure, a disruption, a loss of performance, the time required to recover, or a combination of these elements. We define and use a resilient engineered system definition that separates system resilience into platform and mission resilience. Most complex systems have multiple performance measures; this research proposes using multiple objective decision analysis to assess system resilience for systems with multiple performance measures using two distinct methods. The first method quantifies platform resilience and includes resilience and other “ilities” directly in the value hierarchy, while the second method quantifies mission resilience and uses the “ilities” in the calculation of the expected mission performance for every performance measure in the value hierarchy. We illustrate the mission resilience method using a transportation systems‐of‐systems network with varying levels of resilience due to the level of connectivity and autonomy of the vehicles and platform resilience by using a notional military example. Our analysis found that it is necessary to quantify performance in context with specific mission(s) and scenario(s) under specific threat(s) and then use modeling and simulation to help determine the resilience of a system for a given set of conditions. The example demonstrates how incorporating system mission resilience can improve performance for some performance measures while negatively affecting others.     

明清浙东学术与宁波商帮发展

明清浙东学术与宁波商帮之间,实有相辅相成的内在渊源。浙东学派猛烈抨击儒家传统经济伦理,提出了“新四民”、“工商皆本”、“国家不可病商以滋弱”等主张,而孕育这先进的经济伦理观的社会基础,正是宁波悠久的贸易传统和崇商敬贾的社会风尚;理论又反过来推动儒生弃书服贾,使“宁波帮”发展壮大,成为中国十大商帮之一。     

国有企业青年知识型人才成才障碍研究

通过对国有企业青年知识型人才成才状况的调查研究，分析阻碍这一群体成才的六种矛盾与冲突，并分别从青年个体、高校、企业三个角度提出了相应的解决办法。     

试论方干的隐居及其心态

方干被称为一位“不识朝、不识市”的高隐，其实并非如此。他早年及中老年时曾在睦州故乡和镜湖过着隐居生活，但身在江湖却心存魏阙。他曾多次应举求仕，却屡遭挫折，一生始终未能抑制住为求仕而躁动的心。经历多次挫折之后，他感叹愤激，不时地唱出了似若敝席功名、豁达自处、甘于隐退的诗句，然而这正是他急于求仕而不得时发出的心声，表现出不甘于隐逸而追求入仕的微妙心态     

Widowhood,Income Maintenance,and Economic Well-Being

No abstract available for this article.