Urban African American Pre-Adolescent Social Problem Solving Skills

Summary

The results of two studies focusing on the social problem solving skills of African American preadolescent youth are detailed. In the first study data from a sample of 150 African American children, ages 9 to 11 years, was used to examine the association between type of youth social problem solving approaches applied to hypothetical risk situations and time spent in unsupervised peer situations of sexual possibility. Findings revealed that children with more exposure to sexual possibility situations generated a wider range of social problem solving strategies, but these approaches tended to be unrealistic and ambiguous. Further, there was a positive association between the amount of time spent unsupervised and youth difficulty formulating a definitive response to hypothetical peer pressure situations. Children with less exposure to sexual possibility situations tended to be more aggressive when approaching situations of peer pressure. In the second study, data from a non-overlapping sample of 164 urban, African American adult caregivers and their 9 to 11 year old children was examined in order to explore the associations between child gender, family-level factors including family communication frequency and intensity, time spent in situations of sexual possibility, and youth social problem solving approaches. Results revealed that children were frequently using constructive problem solving and help seeking behaviors when confronted by difficult social situations and that there was a significant relationship between the frequency and intensity of parent child communication and youth help seeking social problem solving approaches. Implications for research and family-based interventions are highlighted.     

能源与动力工程专业培养应用型创新人才的实践探索

德州学院紧紧围绕培养应用型创新人才,打造新能源装备制造业卓越工程师摇篮这一目标,积极探索并建设多学科交叉的能源与动力工程实验教学示范中心。通过长期不懈的努力,在人才培养质量、实验教学示范中心、校外人才培养基地、大学生创新性实验计划等方面取得了显著成效。     

城市农民工的住房问题与改革政策

本文研究城市农民工的住房问题和改革政策。农民工住房问题的制度根源是城乡二元住房制度改革滞后。农民工住房问题主要表现为绝大多数农民工无力在城市购买住房以及住房质量和居住环境较差。住房问题对农民工市民化具有严重的负面影响,住房房租支出比重偏高削弱了农民工的经济收入,居住质量差阻碍了农民工思想观念和行为方式的市民化,居住边缘化造成严重的社会隔阂对立。本文分析了广东省农民工住房政策和实施情况,提出深化改革的建议。     

非传统安全视野下的核问题与国际核合作

流俗的"非传统安全"概念过于狭隘,僵硬地区分传统与非传统安全问题。核问题并非传统安全问题,而是一种典型的非传统安全问题。国际社会应吸取切尔诺贝利核事故以及防治传染病、全球环境治理等方面的国际合作经验,及时展开围绕日本福岛核危机的国际核合作。     

关于当今学术管理所存在问题讨论的评述

关于当今学术管理所存在问题的讨论,主要围绕以下三个方面进行:其一,关于学术管理概念的界定,大致包括描述性的定义和学理性的定义两种类型。其二,关于当今学术管理问题的概括和描述。大多数论者认为当今学术管理存在较为严重的问题,但对其进行具体分析时又表现出不同的角度和侧重点。其三,关于改进当今学术管理的意见和建议。面对当今学术管理存在的种种问题和缺陷,不少论者从不同角度提出了改进的有益意见和建议。     

中国先秦时期的涉农区位布局理论

通过整理《周礼》《考工记》《尚书》《管子》《诗经》《汉书》等中国先秦时期文献中涉及农业、农民和农村居民点区位布局理论的内容,明确中国远古时期有代表性的区位布局理论,可以为认识中国农村居民点区位布局优化、农业用地区划的历史文化根源及其演变过程奠定基础。     

Interpreting interviews

ABSTRACT

Realist evaluation (RE) is increasingly adopted to assess the effectiveness of social programs. RE goes beyond measurement of outcomes, providing insight into how and why programs work by focusing on how participants experience and respond to programs within certain contexts. A RE was conducted on Healthy Start-Départ Santé (HSDS), an early childhood development program in Canada, created to address the prevalence of overweight and obese children. The first step of the RE was to create an initial program theory (IPT) to identify key contexts and mechanisms relating to the success of the program. Realist methodology can be challenging, time consuming, and resource intensive and there are few practical examples of how to conduct a RE. This article aims to add to the realist methodological literature by describing the construction of the IPT, reflecting on the process used, and providing a starting point for future realist practitioners.     

Screening for college problem gambling in Chinese societies: psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (C-SOGS)

A total of 979 Chinese college students were recruited in order to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (C-SOGS). The C-SOGS was internally consistent and correlated with gambling-related problems and negative mental health status. Results of likelihood ratios (LRs) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve supported the C-SOGS as a valid screening instrument for probable pathological gambling. Using the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, the conventional cut score of 5 on the C-SOGS showed satisfactory sensitivity, specificity and false negative rates. This cut score identified 85% of the true positives and 95% of the true negatives. In general, the C-SOGS overestimated the number of pathological gamblers relative to DSM-IV criteria. Future research on Chinese gambling should build on current empirical work on the SOGS to refine the C-SOGS for use with Chinese populations.     

Book Review

Affective forecasting refers to the process of predicting emotional reactions to future events. It plays an important role in decision making, but is also prone to errors, such as the ‘impact bias’: a tendency to overestimate the intensity of future reactions. The impact bias has been considered evolutionarily adaptive, as it performs a protective function in motivating people to avoid risky behaviour. Affective forecasting may be qualitatively different in a risk-taking population such as problem gamblers (PGs). In particular, PGs may fail to show the impact bias. This study was the first to examine affective forecasting in PGs. PGs (N = 25) and controls (N = 29) were asked to predict how they would feel after completing a guessing task. As hypothesized, controls exaggerated how bad they would feel after losing at the task, whereas PGs accurately predicted their reactions. Encouraging PGs to focus on anticipated emotions may be a novel target for treatment interventions.