Effective relationship-based practice: A theoretical exploration

This paper looks at the importance of a relationship-based approach within social work. It explores past writings on the social worker-client relationship, why the relationship was seen to be central to effectiveness and good practice, and why this perspective fell out of favour. It revisits the importance of a relationship-based approach, within a psychosocial perspective, in relation to eight areas of practice. These include the assessment task and process; relationship difficulties; people who are vulnerable or reliant on others for their well-being; situations that require practitioners to be able to hold and contain anxiety; the relationship as a foundation for capacity building, empowerment and developing people's potential; and in relation to disadvantaged and marginalised sectors of the population, how social workers can use the 'front-line' knowledge they have gained through the relationships they have created in political ways--to bear witness and report on 'social ills' as they impact on the lives of service users. A final section looks briefly at how the service user-social worker relationship is perceived and described in the Benchmarking Statement, National Occupational Standards and the General Social Care Council's Rules and Requirements and their implications in terms of the new social work degree.     

上海浦东建设国际自由贸易港区的探讨

本文在借鉴国际自由贸易区建设发展经验的基础上，根据国际贸易发展的新趋势和新特征，结合上海“四个中心”建设的发展目标，提出把浦东建成我国最大的国际自由贸易港区，以搭建我国参与国际竞争的战略平台，并对浦东国际自由贸易港区的功能定位、建设重点及相关政策措施进行了探讨。     

A Multiplicative Alo-group Based Hierarchical Decision Model and Application

Pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) is a popular technique used in multi-criteria decision making. The abelian linearly ordered group (alo-group) is a powerful tool for the discussion of PCMs. In this article, a criterion for acceptable consistency of PCM is introduced, which is independent of the scale and can be intuitively interpreted. The relation of the introduced criterion with the weak consistency is investigated. Then, a multiplicative alo-group based hierarchical decision model is proposed. The following approaches are included: (1) the introduced criterion for acceptable consistency is used to check whether or not a PCM is acceptable; (2) the row’s geometric mean method is used for deriving the local priorities of a multiplicative PCM; (3) a Hierarchy Composition Rule derived from the weighted mean is used for computing the criterion/subcriterion’s weights with regard to the total goal; and (4) the weighted geometric mean is used as the aggregation rule, where the alternative’s local priorities are min-normalized. The proposed model has the property of preserving rank. Moreover, it has counterparts in the additive case. Finally, the model is applied to a layout planning problem of an aircraft maintenance base with a computer-based software.     

Model Selection and Estimation with Quantal‐Response Data in Benchmark Risk Assessment

This article describes several approaches for estimating the benchmark dose (BMD) in a risk assessment study with quantal dose‐response data and when there are competing model classes for the dose‐response function. Strategies involving a two‐step approach, a model‐averaging approach, a focused‐inference approach, and a nonparametric approach based on a PAVA‐based estimator of the dose‐response function are described and compared. Attention is raised to the perils involved in data “double‐dipping” and the need to adjust for the model‐selection stage in the estimation procedure. Simulation results are presented comparing the performance of five model selectors and eight BMD estimators. An illustration using a real quantal‐response data set from a carcinogenecity study is provided.     

城市化进程中郊区农村生态环境问题及其治理——以绵阳市M村为例

在城市化浪潮驱动下，各方为了追求利益最大化，对郊区农村生态环境的污染与破坏严重.文章通过对四川绵阳市城郊M村在城市化过程中生态环境污染状况的走访调查，分析形成原因并提出一些对策.     

Stochastic approximation Monte Carlo EM for change-point analysis

In the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have been used in change-point inference for a long time when the expectation step is intractable. However, the conventional MCMC algorithms tend to get trapped in local mode in simulating from the posterior distribution of change points. To overcome this problem, in this paper we propose a stochastic approximation Monte Carlo version of EM (SAMCEM), which is a combination of adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo and EM utilizing a maximum likelihood method. SAMCEM is compared with the stochastic approximation version of EM and reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo version of EM on simulated and real datasets. The numerical results indicate that SAMCEM can outperform among the three methods by producing much more accurate parameter estimates and the ability to achieve change-point positions and estimates simultaneously.     

Two-sample high-dimensional empirical likelihood

In this paper, we apply empirical likelihood for two-sample problems with growing high dimensionality. Our results are demonstrated for constructing confidence regions for the difference of the means of two p-dimensional samples and the difference in value between coefficients of two p-dimensional sample linear model. We show that empirical likelihood based estimator has the efficient property. That is, as p → ∞ for high-dimensional data, the limit distribution of the EL ratio statistic for the difference of the means of two samples and the difference in value between coefficients of two-sample linear model is asymptotic normal distribution. Furthermore, empirical likelihood (EL) gives efficient estimator for regression coefficients in linear models, and can be as efficient as a parametric approach. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated via numerical simulations.     

西晋藩王政治研究

魏晋更替后,晋武帝分封了二十七个同姓藩王,地方上出现了与西汉初郡国并行制相似的行政管理模式,藩王们又入主中央权力中枢,担任太尉,尚书令等,参与最高决策;又通过持节、都督诸军事等方式,掌控着中央﹑重要边关军镇和统兵征伐四方等军政大权,形成了西晋的藩王政治。藩王势力作为封建王朝中的一股重要的政治力量和社会阶层,在西晋统治集团中的影响和作用从来没有停止过。     

关于美国社区学院研究的回顾与反思

自20世纪80年代起,美国社区学院的成功经验逐渐引起了我国教育理论界的广泛关注,并越来越受到重视。在这三十年的研究历程中,我国学者对美国社区学院的研究主要聚焦于美国社区学院的产生和发展、特点、职能、课程设置、兼职教师、管理体制、改革举措以及对我国的启示等方面,这些研究成果虽然丰富却还不够系统和深入,今后我国对美国社区学院研究应更加系统、多元、深入和本土性。     

进一步加强上海国际金融中心建设中的政府作用

从国际经验看,主要国际金融中心的建设和发展始终存在着市场与政府两种推动力量。当前,在作为国家战略的上海国际金融中心建设进程中,需要与市场化发展相匹配的是更好地发挥政府作用,从多方面不断完善政府推动平台建设。