基于Choquet延拓n人模糊对策的Shapley值

由于n人对策任意联盟可由它的特征向量来等价地表示,利用Choquet积分,将n人对策从集合{0,1}n延拓到[0,1]n上,通过建立公理化体系,对具有Choquet延拓形式n人模糊对策的Shapley值进行深入研究,证明了这类n人模糊对策Shapley值存在性与惟一性,并给出了此模糊对策Shapley值的解释表达式.最后将此模糊对策的Shapley值作为收益分配方案应用到供应链协作企业收益分配的实例中.     

Promoting Computer-Mediated Communications in Community Coalitions

SUMMARY

Community coalition participants are adopting new communication tools. This article identifies issues involving adoption of one type of communication tool, computer-mediated communications (CMC), based on a review of relevant literature and a recent exploratory research study of CMC adoption by community coalitions. Suggestions for aiding adoption and anticipating problems are presented and some social justice and professional value issues are highlighted. Human service professionals whose work involves community coalitions may find the theoretical background and practical advice useful in anticipating and responding to CMC changes in coalitions.     

Strengthening Advocacy Coalitions: Lessons for Structure,Engagement, and Effectiveness from an IPV Coalition

Social workers who are active in the area of intimate partner violence (IPV) must understand how to structure their coalitions for maximum effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the communication strategies, organizational structures, and relationships between one IPV coalition and its membership to glean recommendations for the field. The authors purposively sampled ten subjects from one state, including staff from the state IPV advocacy coalition (N = 2) and staff from the state coalition's member agencies (N = 8). After completing phone interviews with the subjects, the authors utilized directed content analysis to derive themes from the data. Study findings point to different perceptions regarding access to the coalition, flow of information to and from the coalition, the shaping of the IPV movement, and coalition structure. These differences occurred between executive versus direct practice staff, and nearby versus distant member agencies. Executives and those in nearby regions were more likely to describe a reciprocal relationship between member agencies and the coalition than were direct practice staff or those working in distant agencies. Future research should address the benefits and drawbacks of coalitions cultivating centralized versus decentralized relationships with member agencies, particularly in terms of impact on member agency social service delivery.     

Role analysis using the ego-ERGM: A look at environmental interest group coalitions

Interest groups coordinate to achieve political goals. However, these groups are heterogeneous, and the division of labor within these coalitions varies. We explore the presence of distinct roles in coalitions of environmental interest groups, and analyse which factors predict if an organization takes on a particular role. To model these latent dynamics, we introduce the ego-ERGM. We find that a group's budget, member size, staff size, and degree centrality are influential in distinguishing between three role assignments. These results provide insight into the roles adopted in carrying out coalition tasks. This approach shows promise for understanding a host of networks.     

Beyond Identity Politics

The author details the reasons why he has reached the conclusion that LGBT people have seen the limits of identity politics—that sexual object choice alone is not sufficient to connect a community and by extension a movement—and he calls for a new stage in political organizing linking people of progressive political philosophies, bridging the various social identities.     

All Puerto Rico with Vieques: Mobilizing Support Through Social Skills and Field Dynamics

This article explains the success of All Puerto Rico with Vieques (TPRCV) in coordinating a broad-based coalition in support of the movement to remove the US Navy from Vieques. Considering the literatures on organizations, strategic fields and social movements, the analysis looks at how environmental conditions and the attributes of the leadership become relevant in the formation and sustainability of coalition work. The article argues that under the conditions of a vibrant political activist sector and a dynamic political field, TPRCV used accumulated social skills to take advantage of network intersection and frame adaptation. Though environmental dynamics may produce favorable conditions for coalition building, these will be limited to the capacity of the social actors to identify them, assimilate their potential and translate them into opportunities.     

The Use of Group Work to Fight Acute External Threats to a Community-Based Organization During Harsh Economic Times

This article addresses the use of group work in a community-based outpatient children's mental health agency to respond to financial threats by county and state government during the economic downturn of 2008–2009. Three specific threats that came within months of one another are discussed: (1) the threat to close down a chemical dependency treatment service for youth, (2) severe funding cuts to an outreach program for immigrant youth and their families, and (3) a state government plan to restructure/reform reimbursement for outpatient mental health services that promises to reduce access to care for underinsured families. Group work was used to organize, educate, and activate staff, board, community, and consumer groups, in large and small groups, to counter the threats and build a culture of advocacy. Lending a vision, empowering advocates, managing polarity, and shaping the advocacy message were essential elements of the advocacy process.     

Personality and community prevention teams: Dimensions of team leader and member personality predicting team functioning

The predictors and correlates of positive functioning among community prevention teams have been examined in a number of research studies; however, the role of personality has been neglected. In this study, we examined whether team member and leader personality dimensions assessed at the time of team formation predicted local prevention team functioning 2.5–3.5 years later. Participants were 159 prevention team members in 14 communities participating in the PROSPER study of prevention program dissemination. Three aspects of personality, aggregated at the team level, were examined as predictors: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. A series of multivariate regression analyses were performed that accounted for the interdependency of five categories of team functioning. Results showed that average team member Openness was negatively, and Conscientiousness was positively linked to team functioning. The findings have implications for decisions about the level and nature of technical assistance support provided to community prevention teams.     

Forging and Sustaining Labor–Community Coalitions: The Workfare Justice Movement in Three Cities

This article examines the factors shaping the formation and longevity of labor–community coalitions through comparative case studies of campaigns for workfare justice in Los Angeles, Milwaukee, and New York. Interviews with organizational staff and leaders reveal that their decisions to form and sustain these coalitions were shaped by their collective identities, especially their commitment to social movement unionism, and their context, particularly the sectoral distribution of workfare workers. We also highlight the role of two factors previously overlooked by labor scholars: (1) ecological processes of niche-formation, which determined if and how inter-organizational competition was overcome, and (2) authorities’ social-control strategies, which shaped coalition endurance.

具有联盟优先关系的模糊合作博弈的目标规划求解模型

用合作博弈研究实际管理问题中的分配方案时，常常存在一些不重要联盟或无效联盟，这些联盟影响公平合理的分配方案。因此，联盟的重要程度成为求解合作博弈必不可少的因素。本文考虑了联盟的重要性和局中人参与联盟的不确定性，研究了具有优先关系的模糊联盟合作博弈(简称为模糊合作博弈)。首先，借助于目标规划模型的优先因子可以表征联盟重要程度的思想，通过构建多优先级目标规划模型，得到模糊合作博弈新的解。其次，证明了构建的多优先级目标规划模型的解和模糊合作博弈的核心之间具有重要对应关系。最后，通过数值实例和比较分析，说明本文提出的多优先级目标规划模型求解模糊合作博弈问题的合理性和有效性。研究表明：(1)本文提出的多优先级目标规划模型考虑不同联盟重要程度，得到的解符合“多劳多得”原则，能够更公平合理解决实际管理中的分配问题。(2)本文的目标规划模型同时适用于求解存在联盟特征函数值缺失的合作博弈。与已有合作博弈的解进行比较分析，该模型无需估算无效联盟的特征函数缺失数据得到的分配值更为准确。从而，说明本文给出的目标规划求解模糊合作博弈解的模型，更符合许多管理学问题的实际情况。(3)通过多优先级目标规划模型最优解是否存在可判断模糊合作博弈的核心存在情况，若核心存在则该模型通过目标规划软件包可得到核心内的一个解，这样也得到了一个判断合作博弈核心是否存在的标准。(4)目标规划模型可弥补已有合作博弈解的一些不足，如核心可能为空集，Shapley值和最小二乘预核仁可能不满足个体合理性等。本文构建的多优先级目标规划模型不仅能求解联盟具有优先关系的模糊合作博弈，而且能够求解一般合作博弈的解，该目标规划模型作为合作博弈一种新的求解方法，能更有效地解决实际管理中的分配问题，具有更加广泛的应用价值。