Indigenous Resource Management Plans: Transporting Non-Indigenous People into the Indigenous World

The paper explores the degree to which Indigenous groups perceive that resource management plans they develop are able to help deliver outcomes they seek through formal planning systems. It does this by a case study of practice in Aotearoa New Zealand. Some Indigenous groups are concerned they are being encouraged to devote considerable effort to production of major planning documents for use in interaction with environmental agencies, yet in practice, such plans can appear to have a limited role in bringing about desired change or affecting wider planning processes. The research contributes a New Zealand dimension to this international debate.     

论道家哲学的“无”——从老子到王弼的哲学史考察

在古代道家哲学中,“无”在不同时期的哲学家中都备受关注,但他们说“无”的侧重点不同.《老子》从追问万物的源头入手,提出了“有生于无”生成论构想;庄子否认了普通的知识及认识方式,提出了“不知之知”的最高认知层次;黄老在改造老子无为的基础上,提出了以建立刑名为前提的无为而治;王弼站在本体论的高度将黄老无为和名教有为进行了整合,提出了“以无为本”的哲学思想.“无”经过老子、庄子、黄老学派和王弼的发展演变,已从一个普通的哲学语词上升为万物之本体;“无”主要涉及生成论、认识论、治国论、本体论等方面,这些哲学思想因为“无”而更为深刻、更有意义.     

Deletion residuals in the detection of heterogeneity of variances in linear regression

The heterogeneity of error variance often causes a huge interpretive problem in linear regression analysis. Before taking any remedial measures we first need to detect this problem. A large number of diagnostic plots are now available in the literature for detecting heteroscedasticity of error variances. Among them the ‘residuals’ and ‘fits’ (R–F) plot is very popular and commonly used. In the R–F plot residuals are plotted against the fitted responses, where both these components are obtained using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. It is now evident that the OLS fits and residuals suffer a huge setback in the presence of unusual observations and hence the R–F plot may not exhibit the real scenario. The deletion residuals based on a data set free from all unusual cases should estimate the true errors in a better way than the OLS residuals. In this paper we propose ‘deletion residuals’ and the ‘deletion fits’ (DR–DF) plot for the detection of the heterogeneity of error variances in a linear regression model to get a more convincing and reliable graphical display. Examples show that this plot locates unusual observations more clearly than the R–F plot. The advantage of using deletion residuals in the detection of heteroscedasticity of error variance is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations under a variety of situations.     

聚类分析法在高职院校订单式培养学生综合素质评价中的应用

订单式”人才培养模式的建立为高职教育教学改革注入了新的活力。但是，由高职院校因为缺乏有效的培养过程控制与竞争机制，也出现了影响该模式的良性循环和可持续发展的诸多问题。鉴于此，应尽快完善“订单式”人才培养模式中的过程控制与考核机制，建立一套科学、完备的考核指标体系是当务之急。对于订单式培养学生的综合素质评估结果，可以通过相关聚类分析方法，对订单班学生综合素质评估结果进行科学合理的分类，建立完善订单班学生能进能出、滚动淘汰的动态管理模式，达到订单式培养不仅“定数量”，更注重“定质量”的理想状态。     

Creating and sustaining competitive advantage in collaborative systems: The what and the how

Initially this paper asks two questions: In order to create and sustain competitive advantage through collaborative systems WHAT should be managed? and HOW should it be managed? It introduces the competitive business structure and reviews some of the global trends in manufacturing and business, which leads to focus on manage processes, value propositions and extended business processes. It then goes on to develop a model of the collaborative architecture for extended enterprises and demonstrates the validity of this architecture through a case study. It concludes that, in order to create and sustain competitive advantage, collaborative systems should facilitate the management of: the collaborative architecture of the extended enterprise; the extended business processes and the value proposition for each extended enterprise through a meta level management process. It also identifies areas for further research, such as better understanding of: the exact nature and interaction of multiple strategies within an enterprise; how to manage people/teams working along extended business processes; and the nature and prerequisites of the manage processes     

Planning for the 1950 Censuses of Population and Agriculture

The change from the z of “Student's” 1908 paper to the t of present day statistical theory and practice is traced and documented. It is shown that the change was brought about by the extension of “Student's” approach, by R.A. Fisher, to a broader class of problems, in response to a direct appeal from “Student” for a solution to one of these problems.     

Framing Emerging Environmental Movement Tactics: Mobilizing Consensus,Demobilizing Conflict

This paper is a study of an emerging environmental decision-making model that attempts to move beyond traditionally adversarial approaches toward consensus building. Consensus-based decision making ostensibly allows activists equal power with industrialists and state actors in environmental policy-making. This research builds upon the growing literature on frame-analysis by demonstrating that there are instances when challengers actually engage in collaborative framing with their adversaries. This does not presume that activists reject oppositional framing altogether. In these cases, environmentalists actually draw on a mixture of confrontation and negotiation in this innovative form of collective action that positions them in contexts most environmentalists never experience—a place at the decision-making table with elites. This study reveals that environmentalists are becoming more sophisticated in their efforts to protect local communities and natural resources.     

Determinants of fertility levels and change among developed countries: 1958–1978

This article provides a multivariate cross-national test of the hypothesis that national population/family planning policies have effected levels, and changes in fertility in developed nations over the past two decades. Variation is assessed in the total fertility rates (TFR) in 1978, and in the change in these rates between 1958 and 1978, among thirty developed countries. Measures include socioeconomic development, divorce, percent in consensual unions, female labor force participation, abortion policy, and level of contraceptive use by married couples and, government population/family planning policy. Seventy percent of the variation in 1978 TFR is related to the percent contracepting, female labor force, and the population/family planning policy measures. These are the only measures with significant direct effects. A longitudinal analysis of 1958 to 1978 change in TFRs is also conducted. This model increases R² to 75%, and the three independent variables remain significant. Implications of these findings for policy makers interested in increasing or decreasing fertility rates are noted.     

模糊取式推理的R0方法

用R0蕴涵算子描述了模糊命题“若A则B”,并通过一个例子给出了运用模糊取式推理的R0方法进行推理的具体操作过程．结果表明,运用该模糊推理得到的结论是与人们的思想相吻合的．