A Study on a Sequential One‐Defender‐N‐Attacker Game

Government usually faces threat from multiple attackers. However, in the literature, researchers often model attackers as one monolithic player who chooses whether to attack, how much investment to spend, and on which target, instead of treating multiple attackers as independent agents. This modeling strategy may potentially cause suboptimal defense investment if the attackers have vastly different interests and preferences and may not be combined as one in theory. In this article, we develop a sequential game with complete information. This model considers one defender explicitly dealing with multiple unmergeable attackers. Thorough numerical experiments are conducted using ratio and exponential contest success functions under different scenarios. The result is also contrasted with the corresponding single attacker model to study the effect of mishandling multiple attackers. The propositions and observations drawn from the numerical experiments provide insights for government decision making with a better understanding of the attackers' behavior.     

组织场承载的战略转型过程——基于长虹集团的案例研究

目的/意义高投资效率保证了企业将资金有效地应用于正确的投资项目,用于支撑企业的战略发展。战略变革的目的是增强企业竞争力,从而提高企业的绩效。探究投资效率与战略变革之间的关系,对提高企业战略变革成功率,创造和维持企业自身竞争优势有重要意义。设计/方法以我国2014～2018年沪深上市企业为样本,通过双向固定效应回归模型,研究了投资效率与战略变革之间的关系以及TMT乐观对二者关系的调节作用,并进一步剖析了竞争强度对TMT乐观调节作用的影响。结论/发现（1）投资效率正向影响战略变革。（2）TMT乐观负向调节投资效率与战略变革之间的正向关系。（3）随着竞争强度的提高,TMT乐观对投资效率与战略变革之间正向关系的负向调节效应被弱化。（4）拓展了投资效率、战略变革以及管理者乐观研究文献。     

北京市能源强度分析的完全因素分解方法

本文从北京市三次产业角度出发，分析能源强度变化情况，并进而分析强度变化的深层次原因。通过利用完全因素分解方法对1998—2006年间北京市的能源强度进行分析，结果表明，北京市能源强度降低的主要动力来自第二产业的能源利用效率的提高，而产业结构的变化对于能源强度的影响较小。在此基础上，笔者认为未来北京市能源强度降低的关键是继续加强技术创新，以及深入优化产业结构等。     

不同运动强度跑的生化分析

本文运用文献资料法对低强度、中强度、大强度、最大强度跑时的供能系统,疲劳因素,恢复手段及训练手段进行分析,为运动时合理安排运动负荷提供参考依据。     

Efficient Estimation of Fixed and Time-varying Covariate Effects in Multiplicative Intensity Models

The proportional hazards assumption of the Cox model does sometimes not hold in practise. An example is a treatment effect that decreases with time. We study a general multiplicative intensity model allowing the influence of each covariate to vary non-parametrically with time. An efficient estimation procedure for the cumulative parameter functions is developed. Its properties are studied using the martingale structure of the problem. Furthermore, we introduce a partly parametric version of the general non-parametric model in which the influence of some of the covariates varies with time while the effects of the remaining covariates are constant. This semiparametric model has not been studied in detail before. An efficient procedure for estimating the parametric as well as the non-parametric components of this model is developed. Again the martingale structure of the model allows us to describe the asymptotic properties of the suggested estimators. The approach is applied to two different data sets, and a Monte Carlo simulation is presented.     

偏光棱镜对激光束光强横截面分布的影响

分析了偏光棱镜对激光束光强横截面上分布的影响，其结果与实验一致。     

农业保险制度完善的必要性和对策

农业保险制度是通行的农业保护政策之一。它对稳定农户收入水平、推进农业生产结构调整和提高农产品竞争力意义巨大。要发挥农业保险制度的上述作用,必须在健全的农业保险法律体系下从保险的性质、范围和保险费补贴等方面入手,建立起符合国情的、科学的农业保险制度。     

汉英双宾语句的类型差异

汉英双宾语句式在语言共性基础上存在成系统的对立,汉语里没有英语里常见的表制作服务义的双宾语句式,英语里没有汉语里常见的表获取义的双宾语句式。从动词的及物性强度、语义冗余以及论元增容等三个方面出发,在前人研究的基础上对双宾语句的类型差异进行更进一步的解释。     

基于动态SDM的中国区域碳排放强度空间效应研究

利用中国各省市区2005-2017年的数据,在碳排放强度测度和空间自相关检验的基础上,构建动态空间杜宾模型（SDM）研究中国区域碳排放强度的空间效应。研究表明：中国区域间的碳排放强度具有显著的空间效应。经济增长、技术投入对碳排放强度产生负向的空间直接效应,产业结构、能源强度、能源消费结构对碳排放强度产生正向的空间直接效应,并且长期效应大于短期效应;技术投入对碳排放强度产生负向的空间溢出效应,产业结构、能源强度对碳排放强度产生正向的空间溢出效应,且能源强度仅存在短期的空间溢出效应;经济增长、能源消费结构对碳排放强度的空间溢出效应不显著。     

Sleep Behaviors in Older African American Females Reporting Nonmalignant Chronic Pain: Understanding the Psychosocial Implications of General Sleep Disturbance

This study examined factors that influence sleep quality in older African American women (N = 181) reporting chronic pain. Participants completed a series of questions assessing demographic and behavioral characteristics, health status, pain intensity, and sleep disturbance. Findings indicated that younger participants and those experiencing poorer physical functioning reported more difficulty sleeping due to pain. Similarly, participants who reported being awakened from sleep due to pain were younger and experienced greater pain intensity. Understanding the relationship between sleep and pain in this group of women may be useful in promoting effective disease management and sleep awareness among patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.