培养和造就高素质科技人才队伍研究

高素质科技人才队伍是先进生产力的重要开拓者和科技知识的传播者,是中国特色社会主义建设事业的骨干力量。培养和造就高素质科技人才队伍,必须加强科技人才的思想政治教育,最大限度地调动他们的主动性、积极性和创造性;必须建立和完善科技人才队伍建设的基本法规制度,保证科技人才的健康发展;必须营造尊重科技人才的良好氛围,使拔尖人才脱颖而出。     

论我国刑法中的片面共犯

单向意思联络应是共同犯罪故意的表现形式之一。我国刑法总则与分则中关于共同犯罪的规定暗含了片面共犯的情形。如此解释法条,既符合罪刑法定原则,又拉近了刑法规范与现实生活的距离。     

罪刑法定原则与刑法司法解释的冲突和协调

修订后的<刑法>第3条规定:"法律没有明文规定为犯罪行为的,不得定罪处刑."这就是理论界所称的罪刑法定原则.罪刑法定原则"为公民自由与国家刑罚权之间划出了一条明确的界限,它有利于对公民个人权利的保障,是社会主义法制原则在刑法中的直接体现"[1].罪刑法定原则的法典化获得了刑事理论界和实务的普遍赞誉,它标志着我国的社会主义法制建设正在逐步走向成熟与完善.罪刑法定原则作为一项刑事立法原则,也是一项重要的刑事司法原则,对刑事司法活动起着指导作用.而刑法解释是"对刑法的含义给予更准确、更明了的提示和说明."[2]刑法司法解释作为对刑法规定的一种阐述运动,在司法活动中起着普遍性的刑法规范运用于具体案件的沟通作用.在司法实践中,一方面,根据罪刑法定原则,司法人员必须忠实了法律,严格依法办事,不得任意解释刑法;另一方面,司法人员在处理具体案件的过程中又不可避免的掺入个人的法律意识.立法上罪刑法定原则的确立与实践中刑法司法解释的盛行之间的矛盾与冲突使刑法理论界不得不冷静下来重新审视罪刑法定原则的意义,并探究罪刑法定原则与刑法.司法解释之间的关系,以期从二者的冲突中寻求能够协调二者关系的最佳途径.     

非刑罚惩罚：犯过罪的人养老保险社会排斥探析

养老保险金是绝大部分人在晚年时期的基本生活保障,而对处于社会中弱势地位的犯过罪的人尤其如此.犯过罪的人包括以监禁方式执行的服刑人员、以非监禁方式执行的服刑人员和服刑完毕的刑释人员,他们的养老金被全部或部分地予以剥夺,也即在养老保险制度中他们遭到了社会排斥.这种社会排斥合法不合理地客观存在着,不利于罪犯的教育改造、社会的秩序稳定、人权的社会保障以及法治的建设发展.我国养老保险制度中对犯过罪的人的这种社会排斥,对犯过罪的人是一种非刑罚惩罚,并且是一种过量的惩罚,从而导致与现代刑法中"罪刑相适应"原则的理念的背离.     

Anger Perception, Caregivers' Use of Physical Discipline, and Aggression in Children at Risk

We analyzed the relations between teacher reports of aggressive behaviors, caregiver reports of their use of physical discipline, anger perception accuracy, and anger perception bias in middle childhood and teacher reports of aggressive behaviors two years later in a sample of children from economically disadvantaged families (n =152). Fisher r‐to‐z analyses showed a gender difference in the relation between anger perception accuracy and aggressive behavior in third grade. For girls, anger perception accuracy was significantly negatively related to aggression, and for boys, there was no relation between anger perception accuracy and aggression. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that third grade aggressive behavior, caregivers’ reports of their use of physical discipline, and anger perception bias were significantly positively related to teacher reports of aggressive behavior two years later after controlling for gender and anger perception accuracy.     

论刑法“报应限制功利”原则在配刑中的实现--“点刑罚”理论之提倡

刑法中的"报应限制功利"原则,其内涵与大陆法系国家刑法理论中的责任原则的意义相近,因其重视对人权的保障而符合现代法治国家基本精神。但在具体的立法和司法运作过程中,各国通行的做法与这一原则尚存一定差距,甚至常常与之发生背离。要使"报应限制功利"原则在配刑过程中贯彻始终,关键在于坚持"点刑罚"理论。     

Examining Consumer Behavior Toward Genetically Modified (GM) Food in Britain

This study examined behavior toward genetically modified (GM) food in a British community-based sample. We used an equivalent gain task in which participants actually received the options they chose to encourage truthful responding. In conjunction with this, theory of planned behavior (TPB) components were evaluated so as to examine the relative importance of behavioral influences in this domain. Here, the TPB was extended to include additional components to measure self-identity, moral norms, and emotional involvement. Results indicated that the monetary amounts participants accepted in preference to GM food were significantly lower than those accepted in preference to non-GM food. However, the vast majority of participants were indifferent between GM and non-GM food options. All TPB components significantly predicted behavioral intentions to try GM food, with attitudes toward GM being the strongest predictor. Self-identity and emotional involvement were also found to be significant predictors of behavioral intentions but moral norms were not. In addition, behavioral intentions significantly predicted behavior; however, PBC did not. An additional measure of participants' propensity to respond in a socially desirable manner indicated that our results were not influenced by self-presentation issues, giving confidence to our findings. Overall, it appears that the majority of participants (74.5%) would purchase GM food at some price.     

刑罚威慑理论:过去、现在和未来——刑罚的经济学分析

威慑理论是法经济学在刑法领域的核心贡献。自贝卡利亚和边沁之后很长一段时间,威慑理论归于沉寂,贝克尔复兴了这一理论,近代波斯纳、沙维尔、莱维特等使之更加细致,深入研究了刑罚决定各个影响因素及其之间的关系。尽管一些实证研究证明威慑效应确实存在,但批评意见始终不绝。在批评意见的激励下以及借助于经济学的新进展,威慑理论在向着更加精致化、实证化的方向发展,其中行为经济学的引入大大提高了威慑理论的现实性。     

走向祭坛的檀香刑

莫言的<檀香刑>以刑罚为描写对象,在对刽子手极其残忍的行刑方式的展示中,揭示了刽子手、刑罚、暴力、看客、国民性、人性等深刻命题,为读者设置了一个不朽的灵魂的祭坛.     

中国死刑制度辩护

截止2005年底,废除或停止执行死刑的国家已达122个,中国刑罚制度面临艰难抉择。2002年以来,废除死刑就成了中国理论界的多数意见。笔者在对废除死刑诸种理由的辨析中得出结论：死刑在中国是惩罚、震慑暴力恶性犯罪的必要措施,至少在社会主义初级阶段不能废除。