强化自律意识 杜绝“有偿新闻”

杜绝新闻单位的"有偿新闻"要从强化新闻工作者的自律意识入手,即通过自我约束的道德要求,使从业人员在思想上产生抵制"有偿新闻"的"抗体",从而由被动杜绝变为主动抵制.     

森林生物多样性支付意愿影响因素及价值评估——以甘肃省迭部县为例

以甘肃省迭部县为例,综合运用Logistic回归和CVM两种方法,通过问卷调查的形式,分析宗教信仰、职业、年均家庭收入、对森林生物多样性了解程度等因素对森林生物多样性支付意愿的影响,并运用CVM方法估算迭部县森林生物多样性的年价值。结果表明：居民对森林生物多样性的保护存在一定的支付意愿;学生和个体工商业者以及无宗教信仰、年均收入较高、对森林生物多样性了解程度较高的居民总体上支付意愿更强;迭部县森林生物多样性的年评估价值在397296元／a～1732652元／a,平均支付意愿值为7．20元／a-31．40元／a。     

Is Transport Safety More Valuable in the Air?

Using a contingent valuation survey, people's willingness to pay for a given risk reduction is found to be much larger, consistently more than two times as large, when traveling by air compared to by taxi. Follow-up questions revealed that an important reason for this discrepancy is that many experience a higher mental suffering from flying, and that they are willing to pay to reduce this suffering. It was also consistently found that people are willing to pay more for a certain risk reduction if the original price was higher. Policy implications are discussed.     

Effects of Disease Type and Latency on the Value of Mortality Risk

We evaluate the effects of disease type and latency on willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce environmental risks of chronic, degenerative disease. Using contingent-valuation data collected from approximately 1,200 respondents in Taiwan, we find that WTP declines with latency between exposure to environmental contaminants and manifestation of any resulting disease, at a 1.5 percent annual rate for a 20 year latency period. WTP to reduce the risk of cancer is estimated to be about one-third larger than WTP to reduce risk of a similar chronic, degenerative disease. The value of risk reduction also depends on the affected organ, environmental pathway, or payment mechanism: estimated WTP to reduce the risk of lung disease due to industrial air pollution is twice as large as WTP to reduce the risk of liver disease due to contaminated drinking water.     

Attempts to Increase Vehicle Safety-Belt Use Among Industry Workers

Abstract

A multiple intervention level hierarchy was evaluated with systematic implementation of successive interventions over a period of two years. Successive applications of written prompts, goal-setting, goal-setting plus feedback, and promise-card commitment interventions did not significantly impact the safety-belt use of 556 employees at a manufacturing plant in southwest Virginia. A modest increase in safety-belt use (from 59% to 68%) occurred only when a promise-card commitment strategy was combined with an incentive/reward strategy. These data support a multiple intervention level hierarchy which suggests that repeated attempts to change behavior with interventions at the same level of intrusiveness will not affect behavior uninfluenced by the first attempt at that level. A flow of behavior change model (Geller, 1999) is used to explain the impact of interventions on people at different stages of readiness for behavior change and to extend the multiple intervention level model. Suggestions are given for selecting the most appropriate behavior change strategy for large-scale applications.     

Developing a Personal Program for Continuing Education

Abstract

The increasing number of field expeditions studying or working abroad each year is currently unparalleled by medical research efforts or data from which health professionals can make meaningful recommendations about how to keep personnel in the field healthy. The medical planning, organizing, and data are presented from a geology expedition to Guatemala involving 25 persons. Only minor medical problems were encountered, and less than 1% of the total person days at risk were lost due to illness. Eight guidelines are presented as a tool to assist any health professional in the planning and preparing of a team for the field.     

高校管理干部队伍建设之我见

办好一所高校,不仅需要建设一支高质量的教师队伍,而且需要建设一支高素质的管理干部队伍。本文就高校管理工作的重要性、加强高校管理队伍建设的必要性和加强管理队伍建设的措施等方面阐述了自己的观点。     

基于激励理论对经理优化报酬组合的探讨

对经理长期报酬和短期报酬的优化组合激励问题进行了探讨。通过分析建立了组合激励的两阶段搏弈模型 ,求解模型得到了最优报酬组合。结合构成最优报酬组合的各参数的含义 ,探讨了它们对最优报酬组合的影响。     

基于平均报酬模型的强化学习算法研究

对于有吸收目标状态的循环任务,比较合理的方法是采用基于平均报酬模型的强化学习.平均报酬模型强化学习具有收敛速度快、鲁棒性强等优点.本文介绍了平均报酬模型强化学习的3个主要算法:R学习、H学习和LC学习,并给出了平均报酬模型强化学习的主要应用及研究方向.     

遗失物拾得人权利与义务失衡的反思——兼评《物权法草案》全民征求意见稿

对大陆法系和英美法系各国关于遗失物拾得制度的比较和对我国遗失物拾得制度的历史考察表明,古今中外关于遗失物拾得制度的规定,既保护遗失人的利益,也重视对拾得人权利的维护;不仅规定了拾得人的必要费用的请求权,也规定了拾得人的报酬请求权和附条件地取得遗失物所有权的权利。因此,建议我国物权法应顺应时代潮流,转变观念,在为拾得人设定义务的同时,也应赋予其一定的权利,弘扬拾金不昧的传统美德,以体现法律的平等、正义价值和精神。