The Role of Behavioral Responses in the Total Economic Consequences of Terrorist Attacks on U.S. Air Travel Targets

U.S. airports and airliners are prime terrorist targets. Not only do the facilities and equipment represent high‐value assets, but the fear and dread that is spread by such attacks can have tremendous effects on the U.S. economy. This article presents the methodology, data, and estimates of the macroeconomic impacts stemming from behavioral responses to a simulated terrorist attack on a U.S. airport and on a domestic airliner. The analysis is based on risk‐perception surveys of these two scenarios. The responses relate to reduced demand for airline travel, shifts to other modes, spending on nontravel items, and savings of potential travel expenditures by U.S. resident passengers considering flying domestic routes. We translate these responses to individual spending categories and feed these direct impact results into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the U.S. economy to ascertain the indirect and total impacts on both the airline industry and the economy as a whole. Overall, the estimated impacts on GDP of both types of attacks exceed $10B. We find that the behavioral economic impacts are almost an order of magnitude higher than the ordinary business interruption impacts for the airliner attack and nearly two orders of magnitude higher for the airport attack. The results are robust to sensitivity tests on the travel behavior of U.S. residents in response to terrorism.     

Care without coercion – mental health rights,personal recovery and trauma‐informed care

Australian mental health services continue to use involuntary measures in response to consumers' mental distress. Regardless of the intent behind these practices, the experience of being forced to receive treatment, be secluded or restrained is traumatic and can cause further distress and harm. Other parts of the health or social service system have shifted to approaches that emphasise agency, social context, prevention, and rights. Three frameworks currently used in mental health services – human rights, personal recovery, and trauma‐informed – are consistent with a shift away from the use of force. We applied these frameworks to the text of the National Standards for Mental Health Services 2010 to analyse the degree to which it reflects a shift. We also analysed the public text of speakers' notes from the Care Without Coercion Conference 2012 concerning lived experiences of force in mental health services. The analysis highlights force in many aspects of policy. The findings have implications for directions of change, including freedom from violence; support for decision making; access and choice about community and inpatient options; safety and risk management; and greater understanding of current policy frameworks through engagement with people with lived experience about the options and impact of support processes that exclude the use of force.     

Atos Healthcare withdraws from the Work Capability Assessment: a comment

In March 2014 Atos Healthcare withdrew a year early from its contract to provide the UK’s health assessment – the Work Capability Assessment (WCA) – that is supposed to sort disabled people into administrative categories according to their adjudged capability to do paid work. This move was welcomed by political elites, with, for example, UK Coalition Government Minister for Disabled People Mike Penning using it to criticise previous Labour governments for the contractual arrangements they put in place – although while the Coalition may have been concerned with the contractual arrangements soon after being formed, it extended the contract for five years. For the UK disability movement, the withdrawal of Atos Healthcare early from the WCA contract was a victory and, at least in part, a consequence of disabled activists’ resistance to the Employment and Support Allowance generally, and the WCA in particular.     

Analytic Essay Cults

No abstract available for this article.     

Multivariate outliers and decompositions of mahalanobis distance

Two decompositions of the Mahalanobis distance are considered. These decompositions help to explain some reasons for the outlyingness of multivari- ate observations. They also provide a graphical tool for identifying outliers including those that have a large influence on the multiple correlation coefficient, Illustrative examples are given.     

网络舆论对大学生思想政治教育的影响与对策

随着计算机网络技术突飞猛进的发展,人们对于网络的依赖性就像衣食住行。网络成为了人们认识世界、了解世界的重要窗口,网络成为人们互相交流的重要渠道。大学生群体作为网络舆论的积极参与者,其思想也受到了深刻的影响,大学生正处于人生观、价值观树立的关键时期,能否给予正确的引导关系重大。本文分析了我国当前大学生思想政治教育现状,探讨了网络舆论对大学生思想政治教育的影响,并给出了一些相应的建议。     

Influence in covariance structure analysis: with an application to confirmatory factor analysis

Influence functions are derived for the parameters in covariance structure analysis, where the parameters are estimated by minimizing a discrepancy function between the assumed covariance matrix and the sample covariance matrix. The case of confirmatory factor analysis is studied precisely with a numerical example. Comparing with a general procedure called one-step estimation, the proposed procedure has two advantages:1) computing cost is cheaper, 2) the property that arbitrary influence can be decomposed into a fi-nite number of components discussed by Tanaka and Castano-Tostado(1990) can be used for efficient computing and the characterization of a covariance structure model from the sensitivity perspective. A numerical comparison is made among the confirmatory factor analysis and some procedures of ex-ploratory factor analysis by using the decomposition mentioned above.     

中国情境下中层管理者的适应性绩效因素研究

随着我国经济的快速发展和外部竞争的加剧,出现了组织扁平化、企业内外部变化加快和职业高原等新情形,既给中层管理者带来了新困境,也对其适应性提出了新挑战。以Plukos八维度适应性绩效模型为基础,立足国内情景,运用改进型DEMATEL方法对适应性绩效影响因素进行定量分析,得出影响中层管理者适应性绩效的关键因素,并对各因素重要性进行了排序和分析。     

从《死亡诗社》看自由发散式教学对学生的影响

本文通过对《死亡诗社》中托德这一人物形象的分析，阐述自由发散式教学对学生产生的影响.     

“利用影响力受贿罪”身份犯性质的质疑

＂利用影响力受贿罪＂的主体被设定为与国家工作人员具有密切关系的人员,视为身份犯。不过本罪所欲保护的法益是公务员对自身合法职权的行使的排他性而非受贿罪所要求的职务行为的廉洁性,故其不属于身份犯;另外,＂密切关系人＂这一概念的内涵无法被明确界定,缺乏被界定为身份的可操作性。因此应该合理地将本罪解释为非身份犯。