Framing Emerging Environmental Movement Tactics: Mobilizing Consensus,Demobilizing Conflict

This paper is a study of an emerging environmental decision-making model that attempts to move beyond traditionally adversarial approaches toward consensus building. Consensus-based decision making ostensibly allows activists equal power with industrialists and state actors in environmental policy-making. This research builds upon the growing literature on frame-analysis by demonstrating that there are instances when challengers actually engage in collaborative framing with their adversaries. This does not presume that activists reject oppositional framing altogether. In these cases, environmentalists actually draw on a mixture of confrontation and negotiation in this innovative form of collective action that positions them in contexts most environmentalists never experience—a place at the decision-making table with elites. This study reveals that environmentalists are becoming more sophisticated in their efforts to protect local communities and natural resources.     

WTO规则下的我国有色金属行业

文章试图讨论在 WTO 游戏规则中,可为有色金属行业所用的、所必须遵循的、所需回避的规则,以此寻求我国有色金属行业吏大的发展空间。     

基督教文化对诞生期日本浪漫主义文学的影响

基督教文化是研究日本近代文学发展不可忽视的文化背景。基督教文化不仅影响着日本近代浪漫主义作家的思想及创作,而且冲击着日本人固有的传统思想、思维模式,并由此影响到日本民众的价值取向。日本浪漫主义对基督教文化的接收作为日本近代文化"脱亚入欧"的一个方面,不仅丰富了日本文学的意义内涵,而且激活了日本文学发现个我、反抗封建传统、争取民权自由、参与现实、感化人生、创造自我的多种可能性,显示了日本近代文学发展中的复杂性和多元化特点。     

Role of Comparative Risk Assessment in Addressing Environmental Security in the Middle East

During the 21st century, environmental challenges are likely to intensify across the world and possibly lead to violent conflicts. Strategies for conflict avoidance will be incomplete unless they recognize, discuss, and mitigate regional environmental stress factors. Comparative risk assessment (CRA) is one of the most critical tools emerging to influence modern environmental policies and is increasingly used to create a common language to help reconcile competing interests in development and environmental disputes around the world. This article considers the environmental challenges facing the Middle East in light of their "transboundary" nature and proposes CRA as a framework for setting environmental priorities and reducing tensions in the region.     

论日本戏剧对田汉的影响

田汉的戏剧创作、戏剧理论和所从事的戏剧运动,都有日本戏剧及文艺思潮的重要影响。田汉的戏剧形式得益于秋田雨雀、菊池宽等剧作家。田汉所推崇的"新浪漫主义"戏剧理论则源于厨川白村,表现了"灵的极致"与"人类之爱"。田汉所从事的戏剧运动,则受到了坪内逍遥领导的文艺协会的影响。     

大众传媒与中国现代通俗小说创作

20世纪中国现代大众传播不仅影响了中国现代通俗小说的发展,还影响了现代通俗小说的审美状态.从报纸、出版业、电影艺术等不同方面,现代大众传播催生了中国现代通俗小说的产生,影响了中国现代通俗小说的发展走向、表现形态,使之更具有了大众性.但是,它也带来了中国现代通俗小说的"新闻化倾向".     

侵华日军细菌战诉讼案回顾与思考

20 0 2年 8月 2 7日 ,侵华日军细菌战受害者向日本政府索赔一案 ,在日本东京地方法院作出一审判决 ,认定了 731部队等在中国实施细菌战的事实 ,但驳回了原告的诉讼请求。细菌战诉讼案的实践 ,给了我们诸多启示 :对日索赔案的实质是政治斗争 ;细菌战诉讼案将是长期的、艰苦的斗争 ;我们应抢救历史 ;对侵华日军细菌战史的学术研究应该加强。     

教育学的文化观

文化的习得性、文化构成的层次性和教育的双重文化功能是教育对文化界说的三个最基本方面 ,文化对课程的价值取向、教育观及人身心发展特点的影响决定了文化是教育的“生态环境” ,教育的文化功能 ,主要表现在教育具有文化传递功能、文化选择功能、文化变迁功能三个方面。     

论楚辞对汉赋的影响

汉赋“受命于诗人 ,拓宇于《楚辞》。”汉大赋铺张扬厉、结构宏大、语言华丽、句式工整 ,这种审美情趣和特点直接受楚辞的影响 ,故有“楚艳汉侈”之说 ;抒情赋以《楚辞》为模仿对象 ,具有抒情述志 ,注重音韵节奏而篇幅不长等特点 ,它直接脱胎于《离骚》、《九章》。一方面是因为统治者需要歌功颂德 ,文人以辞赋创作作为进仕的手段 ;另一方面文人生活的困顿与挫折 ,诸多悲剧性的人生遭际 ,需要以辞赋写志抒情 ,楚辞也始终在赋家创作中起影响作用。以司马相如《天子游猎赋》为代表的以描写皇宫帝苑和帝王巡狩游宴为主要内容的汉大赋得楚辞之形 ,以贾谊《吊屈原赋》为代表的以抒写个人情志为主的抒情赋得楚辞之神 ,二者对楚辞各取所需而面目各异     

The Quality of Stakeholder-Based Decisions

The increased use of stakeholder processes in environmental decision making has raised concerns about the quality of decisions these processes produce. Some claim that stakeholders make inadequate use of scientific information and analysis and are all too ready to sacrifice technical quality for political expediency. This article looks to the case study record to examine the quality of the decisions from stakeholder-based processes. The data for the analysis come from a "case survey," in which researchers coded information from 239 published case studies of stakeholder involvement in environmental decision making. These cases reflect a diversity of planning, management, and implementation activities carried out by environmental and natural resource agencies at many levels of government. Overall, the case-study record suggests that there should be little concern that stakeholder processes are resulting in low-quality decisions. The majority of cases contain evidence of stakeholders improving decisions over the status quo; adding new information, ideas, and analysis; and having adequate access to technical and scientific resources. Indeed, data suggest that it is the more intensive stakeholder processes--precisely those that have aroused recent concern--that are more likely to result in higher-quality decisions.