周代的生态观

周代非常重视保护自然资源,颁布了严厉的禁采禁捕法令,由各种专职官员负责实施。公元前780年三川流域发生大震灾,西周的自然生态和社会生态遭到毁灭性的破坏。太史伯阳父依据当时的生态危机和政治危机,参考夏、商灭亡的历史经验,预言了西周10年内必将灭亡。《礼记.月令》记述了周代一系列的禁采禁捕法令,以及气象异常与水、旱、风、疫等灾害的关联。这些关联,当是先民长期经验的总结,应予足够的重视,并值得学者深入研究,或可从中发现某些规律,作为现代短期灾害预测的参考。     

经济灾害论

在我国市场经济中,人为经济灾害问题相当突出,应当引起我们的高度重视。一、经济危机和经济灾害不能等同;二、经济灾害现象十分惊人;三、经济灾害形成的主要原因是人;四、扼制经济灾害的对策要切实可行。     

书厄与中华文化之兴废

书厄是指图书遭受的毁灭性的破坏的现象 ,书厄是图书的灾难 ,也是文化的灾难 ,但它又在一定程度上促进了藏书的发展和社会进步。本文分析了书厄的性质和成因 ,从正反两个方面论述了书厄对文化和社会的影响。     

Disaster Relief as Social Action: A Weberian Look at Postdisaster Donation Behavior

Disaster relief involves a broad range of participants, which often results in a disjunction between actual disaster needs and the perception of appropriate strategies in relief provision. This research examines data collected through interviews with donation drive operators responding to Superstorm Sandy in 2012 and the May 2013 Oklahoma tornadoes. Using Weber's ideal types of social action to understand motivations for engaging in disaster relief, this article argues that motivations for participating in and organizing such drives influence donation strategies, and these motivations can be used to explain persistent donation of nonuseful materiel items. Findings indicate several different motivations for involvement and that donation type appeared linked to motivation. We suggest that motivation for engaging in social action is a valuable approach to better understanding donation behavior and, consequently, addressing the social problem of materiel convergence in the postdisaster environment.     

Aesthetics of disaster as decolonial aesthetics: making sense of the effects of Hurricane María through Puerto Rican contemporary art

ABSTRACT

On 20 September 2017, Hurricane María made landfall on Puerto Rico causing unprecedented disaster. From that day onwards, the Puerto Rican multi-layered colonial, social and political context was further complicated by the traumatic acceleration of a human disaster via this natural disaster. This crystalized the urgency of using art as vehicle for (social) catharsis, a practice that continues to be used by individual artists, collectives, community organizations, art projects, and other art institutions on the island and abroad, through mural art, community paintings, art exhibitions, literature, music, and many other aesthetic expressions. This article examines, from a decolonial and critical cultural studies perspective, post-Hurricane María artistic expressions in contemporary art as decolonial aesthetics through the cathartic use of the frame of an aesthetics of disaster. It is argued that, an aesthetics of disaster aims to re-assert an artistic form that is able to accelerate the discursive nullification of a deeply rooted colonial, social and cultural problem by way of art as catharsis inspired by the way that Hurricane María unveiled these problems. The piece briefly contextualizes Puerto Rico, and it examines the idea of Puerto Rican contemporary art as catharsis. Then, it describes how Puerto Rican contemporary art exhibitions and associated aesthetic production are processing urgent post-hurricane issues through three illustrative pieces in exhibitions in PR and abroad in the United States (US). Lastly, decolonial aesthetics is reexamined and re-understood, informed by Édouard Glissant's view expressed in Poetics of Relation which aids to the conclusion that Puerto Rican contemporary art using the frame of an aesthetics of disaster functions as a powerful form of decolonial aesthetics.     

Tiered Approach to Resilience Assessment

Regulatory agencies have long adopted a three‐tier framework for risk assessment. We build on this structure to propose a tiered approach for resilience assessment that can be integrated into the existing regulatory processes. Comprehensive approaches to assessing resilience at appropriate and operational scales, reconciling analytical complexity as needed with stakeholder needs and resources available, and ultimately creating actionable recommendations to enhance resilience are still lacking. Our proposed framework consists of tiers by which analysts can select resilience assessment and decision support tools to inform associated management actions relative to the scope and urgency of the risk and the capacity of resource managers to improve system resilience. The resilience management framework proposed is not intended to supplant either risk management or the many existing efforts of resilience quantification method development, but instead provide a guide to selecting tools that are appropriate for the given analytic need. The goal of this tiered approach is to intentionally parallel the tiered approach used in regulatory contexts so that resilience assessment might be more easily and quickly integrated into existing structures and with existing policies.     

君主素质、宗教约束与中国历代王朝农民起义

为了探究君主素质、宗教约束和气候冲击对农民起义的影响机理,构建中国君主面板数据集,以君主为横截面,时间跨度为前221年至1911年,并使用随机效应的面板负二项回归模型作为基准模型。研究表明：在秦朝到清朝这个历史阶段,君主的个人素质会显著影响农民起义,盛世能减少农民起义的发生;宗教约束中的佛教能缓解农民起义,而基督教则更容易导致农民起义的发生;严重的自然灾害所导致的严重饥荒能诱发农民起义;其他变量的影响不显著或不稳健。     

灾难的历史研究

在灾难的人类学研究中,历史的角度具有关联性。历史分析可以揭示出灾难以及人类生境脆弱性后面的生态、经济、社会结构和意识形态等多方面的线索。灾难自身也具有启示性,它将过去与现在联结起来。通过对长期的历史记载的研究发现在墨西哥的生态环境中,干旱、农业灾害和食品危机显现出周期性。从历史的角度进行灾难研究可以对社会现实提出批评和校正。     

包头5.3地震建筑物结构震害原因分析

本文对内蒙古包头市５．３地震建筑物结构震害原因进行了分析。     

城市演进与城市灾害

城市是自然灾害与人为灾害的巨大承载体,城市兴衰存亡与城市灾害息息相关。城市不同发展阶段使城市灾害有不同表现形式和特点,其趋势是危害越来越大,同时城市发展对城市灾害又有着缩小效应。