三峡库区农村贫困恶性循环的二元经济结构理论分析

目前中国城乡经济结构的二元化特征非常明显，消除城乡二元差异已成为当前经济工作的重点。针对三峡库区的具体情况．从农村贫困恶性循环入手，揭示库区城乡经济二元化的原因．并提出相应对策。     

A Parallel between Regret Theory and Outranking Methods for Multicriteria Decision Making Under Imprecise Information

Incorporation of the behavioral issues of the decision maker (DM) is among the aspects that each Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) method implicitly or explicitly takes into account. As postulated by regret theory, the feelings of regret and rejoice are among the behavioral issues associated with the entire decision making process. Within the context of MCDM, the DM may feel regret, when the chosen alternative is compared with another one having at least one better criterion value. PROMETHEE II is a widely known MCDM method that makes no explicit incorporation of regret attitude of the DM. In this paper, we elaborate on the applicability of regret theory to MCDM context. In particular, we investigate the findings of regret theory and explore the parallel between regret theory and PROMETHEE II method. Relying on the concepts of regret theory, we demonstrate how a decision that is made using a PROMETHEE II based outranking method conforms to the regret attitude of the DM.     

A case-based distance method for screening in multiple-criteria decision aid

Screening is a process of multiple-criteria decision aid (MCDA) in which a large set of alternatives is reduced to a smaller set that most likely contains the best choice. We propose screening using a distance model calibrated on the basis of the decision-maker's own judgement. Viewing MCDA as preference aggregation based on consequence data, we define consequence and preference expressions (values and weights) and describe how they are aggregated. Then we define screening and explain some of its properties. Using an appropriate definition of distance, our case-based distance method screens a set of alternatives using criterion weights and a distance threshold obtained by quadratic optimization using the decision-maker's selection of alternatives from a test set. This case-based method can elicit the decision maker's preferences more expeditiously and accurately than direct inquiry. An application in water supply planning is used to demonstrate the procedure.     

Adaptive Strategies,Gender Ideology,and Work‐Family Balance Among Dutch Dual Earners

Using questionnaire data on 149 Dutch dual‐earner couples with young children participating in the European Famwork study, we examine how adaptive strategies and gender ideology relate to parents’ perceived success in balancing work and family. Path analysis indicates that some adaptive strategies may harm individuals’ work‐family balance, particularly when they are made in the domain where the time budget is limited. In the need to succeed in multiple roles, however, endorsement of traits traditionally linked with the opposite gender, that is masculine traits for women and feminine traits for men, seems beneficial. We speculate that two underlying mechanisms — social pressure and time constraints — jointly operate in determining perceived success in balancing work and family.     

创新型人才的能力构成及其修炼

本文通过对创新型人才的能力构成分析，提出评价创新型人才不仅要看其知识结构的合理性，还应该从创新绩效、价值追求、观察事物和发现问题的能力、创新思维、创新技能以及创新意志等参量来衡量；在依靠教育改革培养创新型人才的同时，自我修炼也是一条有效途径；创新型人才自我修炼需要树立创新价值观和人生观，激发和维持创新欲望，训练求异思维，开发类比、联想和想象能力，更要勤于创新实践。     

"五四"东西文化论战新探

围绕传统文化在现代的价值功能,五四新文化主流派与文化保守主义者展开了一场大论战。这场论战大致分为三个阶段。文化保守主义的代表分别为杜亚泉、章士钊、张君劢以及学衡派等,他们对新文化主流派的激烈反传统进行了回应。论争展示了两种不同类型的文化改造策略,是五四文化生态圈保持平衡的对立互补两极。     

技术哲学研究中的二元化问题探析

技术人工物的两重性问题、技术伦理的二元划分和技术-社会研究模式确立等二元化问题已然成为时下技术哲学研究的重要视点。结构-功能、结构-意向性的“二元组成”是从技术设计的视角来打开技术黑箱的必由之路;设计伦理和使用伦理的“二元分割”,使得技术伦理研究包括动态嵌入和事后规范两个向度;技术-社会“二元依存”模型的建构,使得技术研究从脱域回归至返域的境遇中来。     

论我国二元财政的演进及改革策略

我国财政在收入、支出及管理方面,城乡有着明显不同的制度安排。二元财政作为二元经济体制的构成部分,是在建国后的特定历史时期形成的,经历了计划经济时期、市场经济过渡时期、民生财政时期3个阶段。通过测度二元财政强度,发现前2个阶段二元财政好转和恶化交替出现,第3个阶段二元财政改善是主要趋势。现阶段二元财政具有新特征。二元财政改革的方向是实现城乡基本公共服务均等化。通过合理财政分权、协调地区差异、加大支农力度、规范政府行为、打破城乡二元结构的壁垒才能从根本上解决二元财政问题。     

Model Selection Information Criteria in Latent Class Models with Missing Data and Contingency Question

Latent class analysis (LCA) has been found to have important applications in social and behavioral sciences for modeling categorical response variables, and nonresponse is typical when collecting data. In this study, the nonresponse mainly included “contingency questions” and real “missing data.” The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of some potential factors on model selection indices in LCA with nonresponse data.

We simulated missing data with contingency questions and evaluated the accuracy rates of eight information criteria for selecting the correct models. The results showed that the main factors are latent class proportions, conditional probabilities, sample size, the number of items, the missing data rate, and the contingency data rate. Interactions of the conditional probabilities with class proportions, sample size, and the number of items are also significant. From our simulation results, the impact of missing data and contingency questions can be amended by increasing the sample size or the number of items.     

论地方政府债务的特点、原因与对策组合

地方政府债务问题在目前已经逐渐由经济上的困难而影响到政治上的政府威信,它在现实中表现为"蜂窝结构"、"一盘散沙"、"暗箱操作"等特点;地方政府债务的形成原因新视角分析;解决地方政府债务问题的有效的对策组合。