Establishment of risk acceptance criteria using Life Quality Index: Application to the Indian context

The formulation of risk acceptance criteria may be coupled gainfully with a prediction of the of investment required to comply with it, an exercise which can benefit from the application of socioeconomic indicators. The Life Quality Index (LQI) is one such indicator which amalgamates human mortality and wealth creation and places an implicit economic value on reduction of life risk. While there have been a number of studies to demonstrate the application of LQI pertaining to various technological systems, the present work extends it to estimate the sectoral level investment needed to reduce public risks to within the As Low As Reasonably Predictable region for the chemical industry, with specific illustration of the methodology for India. The potential reduction in public individual risk is computed as a function of percentage increase in safety investment expressed as a fraction of the industry's contribution to the nation's GDP. In addition, using a new, more accurate expression, estimates of a related parameter, the implied cost of averting a fatality (ICAF), are obtained for a number of developed economies and India. The ICAF estimates show reasonable agreement with the value of statistical life (VSL), a parameter which is integral to cost-benefit analysis of safety and environmental regulations.     

社会工作质性评估研究的回顾(1990-2003)对中国社会工作的启示

在社会科学的历史中,定量和定性研究的争论持续了差不多半个世纪。随着研究者对实证主义的质疑,质性研究的数目逐渐增加。根据布瑞曼(Bryman,1988)的看法,质性研究有以下特点:(1)透过被访者的眼睛看世界;(2)描述日常生活情境的细节;(3)了解在不同社会范畴的背景中的行为及意义;(4)强调过程;(5)倾向采用文字及结构灵活的研究设计;(6)尽量避免在研究初期确立理论和观念。邓泽和林肯(Denzin & Lincoln,1998)也指出,质性研究有以下元素:(1)采用多元的研究手法;(2)涉及自然和诠译的角度;(3)在自然的情况下作出研究;(4)尝试理解和分析不同现象的…     

大学竞争力的内涵、指标与构筑

竞争力是大学获得相对优势并在竞争中生存与发展的关键。可以从价值取向与发展定位的角度来理解大学竞争力的内涵。大学竞争力是一个由制度与机制要素、文化与精神要素、物质与财力要素、学科与管理要素有机组合而成的复杂系统。其评价指标由社会竞争力、学科竞争力、服务竞争力、国际竞争力、资源效率竞争力等综合而成。应从主体与客体两方面构筑与提升大学竞争力。     

Deliberate Trust and Intuitive Faith: A Dual‐Process Model of Reliance

Drawing on the dual process framework from social and cognitive psychology, this paper reconciles two distinct conceptualizations of trust prevalent in the literature: “rational” calculative and irrational “affective” or normative. After critically reviewing previous attempts at reconciliation between these distinctions, we argue that the notion of trust as “reliance” is the higher order category of which “deliberate trust” and “intuitive faith” are subtypes. Our revised approach problematizes the conflation of epistemic uncertainty with phenomenological uncertainty while providing sound footing for a key sociological insight: that reliance on the routine social order is both the cognitive default and based on substantial practical evidence. We develop two broad suggestions for future research from these implications: (1) sociological research should examine the role of intuitive faith—as opposed to deliberate trust—in late modern societies, and (2) analysts should challenge the role of deliberate trust as the “modal” form of reliance in contemporary research.     

“双轨水利”:农村水利运行机制的文化人类学研究——以广西S村为例

从费孝通对乡土中国的双轨政治概念出发,通过对农村水利发展历史的梳理,探寻出农村水利机制运行规律的两条道路——双轨水利,并指出推行水利社区化是对以往民间水治道路的恢复与重构,同时也是作为消弥当下农村水利困境的有效途径。     

A Bayesian hierarchical approach to dual response surface modelling

In modern quality engineering, dual response surface methodology is a powerful tool to model an industrial process by using both the mean and the standard deviation of the measurements as the responses. The least squares method in regression is often used to estimate the coefficients in the mean and standard deviation models, and various decision criteria are proposed by researchers to find the optimal conditions. Based on the inherent hierarchical structure of the dual response problems, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical approach to model dual response surfaces. Such an approach is compared with two frequentist least squares methods by using two real data sets and simulated data.     

Model selection using information criteria under a new estimation method: least squares ratio

In this study, we evaluate several forms of both Akaike-type and Information Complexity (ICOMP)-type information criteria, in the context of selecting an optimal subset least squares ratio (LSR) regression model. Our simulation studies are designed to mimic many characteristics present in real data – heavy tails, multicollinearity, redundant variables, and completely unnecessary variables. Our findings are that LSR in conjunction with one of the ICOMP criteria is very good at selecting the true model. Finally, we apply these methods to the familiar body fat data set.     

Parent Care as Unpaid Family Labor: How Do Spouses Share?

The study adapts theories of the household division of labor to the division of parent care between spouses and expands them by taking the kin relationship with the parent and the intensity of care into account. Tobit and weighted logit models are used to analyze the division of parent care in 2,214 couples from the British General Household Surveys. The models revealed patterns of parent care that are predominantly governed by the kin relationship. Time availability was strongly associated with couples' division of parent care, whereas the resource‐bargaining approach received little support except for dual‐earner couples that provided more intensive care for the husband's parents. Children‐in‐law's characteristics were hardly related to the division of high‐intensity caregiving in dual‐earner couples.     

Gender Asymmetry in Family Migration: Occupational Inequality or Interspousal Comparative Advantage?

This paper examines gender inequality in the determinants of job‐related long‐distance migration among married dual‐earner couples during the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis tested the structural explanation, which attributes gender asymmetry in family migration to structural inequality in the labor market, and the comparative advantage explanation derived from relative resource theory. The analysis used individual‐ and family‐level data from 5,504 Panel Study of Income Dynamics families, occupation‐level data from the 1980–2000 U.S. Decennial Censuses Integrated Public Use Micro Samples, and discrete‐time event history models. Gender differences in the determinants of family migration were not explained by gender differences in occupational characteristics, but the results partially support the relative resource theory by illustrating the conditioning influence of interspousal comparative advantage.     

城乡经济社会一体化的理论演进

改革开放以来,中国经济实现了持续快速发展,但城乡二元结构一直是制约经济社会健康发展的瓶颈。鉴于此,中央提出了加快形成＂城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局＂的时代命题。在此,对城乡经济社会一体化战略提出的背景与过程、与＂城乡经济社会一体化＂相关的几个概念及其关系、城乡经济社会一体化的主要内容等问题进行阐述。