关于农民地位与脱贫问题的思考

我国目前存在的城乡二元经济结构,使城乡之间的差异和矛盾日益凸现.对农民的歧视,使农民不可避免地降为"二等公民",这是导致农民贫困的重要原因.因此,要使农民尽快摆脱贫困,增加收入,其根本措施就是消除对农民的歧视,提高农民的社会地位.当前,迫切需要解决的是消除对农民在金融、公用基础设施建设、社会保障、户籍、教育、就业等领域的歧视,给农民以平等的国民待遇.     

二元结构的市场视角

已有的关于二元结构研究,未从市场角度进行系统、深入研究。本文分析了二元性市场结构的基本内涵及其衡量;阐明了我国二元性市场结构的成因,并提出了消除我国二元性市场结构的对策。     

我国城乡二元社会医疗保险体系衔接探析

我国城乡社会医疗保险体系有着明显的二元化特征。二元社会医疗体系曾有其积极作用,但随着改革的深入与社会转型,这种体系的固化使城乡统一的社会医疗保障体系的建立变得相当困难。今后我国的医疗保险制度改革应从城乡有机衔接的立场出发,根据我国社会转型的实际并借鉴国际成熟经验,循序渐进扩大现代社会医疗保险的覆盖面,在我国建立全方位、多层次、城乡有机衔接的社会医疗保险体系,最终实现“国民皆医保”的城乡整合,使城乡居民能够实质平等地分享国家经济与社会发展的成果。     

Task-related and Partner-related Selection Criteria in UK International Joint Ventures

This paper identifies partner selection criteria in a sample of UK international joint ventures with Western European, US and Japanese partners. Rankings of selection criteria are derived for the sample using a typology that distinguishes between task-related and partner-related selection criteria. The most important task-related criteria are found to be access to knowledge of local market, access to distribution channels, access to links with major buyers and access to knowledge of local culture. The most important partner-related selection criteria are trust between the top management teams, relatedness of partner's business and reputation. A parsimonious set of selection criteria for the sample is provided by means of factor analysis. Hypotheses are tested on the relationship between the relative importance of selection criteria and a number of characteristics of the sample—partner nationality, industry of the joint ventures, joint-venture purpose, geographical location of the venture, initial approach for joint-venture formation and relative partner size. The greatest variation in the relative importance of selection criteria occurs with the geographic location of the joint venture.     

A note on optimal vector unbiased predictor

A characterization of optimal vector unbiased predictor is obtained. Some properties of optimal unbiased predictors are established. It is shown that simultaneous prediction of future random variables is equivalent to marginal prediction of these random variables. Following Kale and Chandrasekar (1983) and Chandrasekar (1984), it is shown that the criteria proposed by ishii (1969) based on matrices and the one proposed by Bibby and Toutenburg (1977) based on quadratic loss in the class of vector unbiased predictors are equivalent. The above approach is illustrated with some examples.     

On the influence of a biased decision support model on subjects’ behavior

Summary  The role of decision tools in managerial decisions can be crucial. Yet, there is very little research seeking to understand and measure the influence of planning models on decision-makers’ actual behavior or performance. We focus on investigating, in an experimental context, the influence of a decision model (time allocation model) on student subjects’ changes of mind and behavior. Of special interest is the effect of the articulated importance of criteria on subjects’ choices. Furthermore, we have also studied how the above mentioned model influences subjects’ actual (measurable) performance. The results are partly conflicting, though interesting: (1) the (biased) decision model did have a significant influence on the subjects’ choices, (2) when the model provided additional freedom to improve criterion values, the subjects’ choices were rather inconsistent with the articulated importance of criteria, (3) the interpretation is not clear, how plans influence actual behavior, and (4) the subjects did not fully recognize the bias of the model (when present). However, our findings very clearly demonstrate that model developers have a great responsibility. Biased models may guide managers to make dramatically erroneous decisions in bona fide. We hope that our findings generate additional research into this important, but under-researched topic.      

构建新发展格局视域下的营商环境治理研究

营商环境治理作为中国国家治理的重要部分,是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要标志,也是中国式现代化在经济领域的突出表现,彰显着国家治理现代化水平。因此,要牢牢把握营商环境发展方向,坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神为指导、以中国式现代化为目标、以马克思主义中国化时代性成果和经验为基础,将营商环境的制度优势转化为国家治理效能。文章以中国式现代化作为营商环境治理的方向引领,以大国经济发展理论、新新贸易理论、马克思主义政治经济学为理论支撑,剖析了构建新发展格局视域下营商环境治理的内在机制,即大国经济理论从“人口规模巨大的现代化”出发,从人口规模多样性和市场多样性的现实角度,揭示了构建形成强大国内市场的重要意义;共同富裕、物质文明与精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化目标,与新新贸易理论中基于企业异质性、挖掘企业潜力、关注企业参与度与社会责任感、最终实现产业整体效益的逻辑相符合;马克思主义政治经济学追求的国民经济良性循环目标,从国内国际“双循环”的角度,诠释了“和平发展道路”的政治经济学内涵。其次,文章基于三大理论基础,解析新发展格局视域下营商环境治理促进经济发展的多维动态逻辑,即基于大国经济发展理论的要素市场化配置逻辑、基于新新贸易理论的产业链供应链升级逻辑与基于马克思主义政治经济学的现代流通体系建设逻辑。最后,文章将营商环境治理的多维动态逻辑融入中国当前构建新发展格局的目标取向和战略选择中,提出构建新发展格局视域下营商环境治理的市场化改革路径、创新驱动路径和“放管服”改革路径,三条作用路径相辅相成、协同发力,以制度创新为新发展格局经济体系注入源源不断的活力。     

国外翻译标准模糊性研究述评

翻译标准是衡量译文质量优劣的一种尺度。本文分析一些国外学者提出的翻译标准,虽然他们对翻译标准有不同的表述,其性质都是模糊的。正确认识翻译标准的模糊性,对丰富翻译理论,指导翻译实践具有重要的意义。     

双重边缘化中的人际支持——新生代农民工社交媒体使用研究

如今,以QQ、微信为代表的社交媒体迅速普及,日益成为人们的一种社交生活方式,对于新生代农民工这一群体同样如此。在社会支持理论视角下聚焦新生代农民工的社交媒体使用,则会发现社交媒体所发挥的独特功能：复愈新生代农民工童年时期与血缘群体断裂的情感支持;密切和地缘群体因时空而疏离的多重支持;维系和业缘群体因流动而不确定的信息支持;建构和趣缘群体在虚拟空间产生的认同支持。在此过程中,社交媒体和这些关系群体糅合为一体,成为新生代农民工的掌上新家、电子同伴、信息线人和秘密“后台”。     

双重异质信念下中国上市公司融资决策研究

投资者异质信念与投资者-管理者异质信念是我国资本市场的重要特征。本文在双重异质信念假设下,基于我国上市公司融资环境,建立融资决策模型,分析双重异质信念对我国上市公司股权债权融资选择的影响,得到结论:(1)卖空限制下,投资者异质信念越大,公司越倾向于股权融资;(2)投资者-管理者异质信念越小,公司越倾向于股权融资。以2005-2009年沪深A股再融资公司为样本,采用单变量分析和Probit多元回归方法,对模型结论进行实证检验,实证结果支持模型结论,并从双重异质信念的视角对我国资本市场融资异象进行解释。