税负痛感指数的影响因素及对策研究——基于省级面板数据的实证检验

文章通过对区域税负痛感程度研究发现区域之间存在差异,然后使用固定效应模型对全国31个省级行政区2000—2015年间的面板数据进行分析,从而找出区域税负痛感程度的影响因素。发现现行间接税为主的税制结构、二三产业非协调发展的产业结构、不合理的财政收入结构使得商品服务提供地的东部地区和消费地的中西部地区的税负痛感程度不同,而不合理的财政支出结构、唯GDP论的政府执政理念加剧了税负痛感程度。建议深入推动税制结构调整,努力构建间接税+直接税的双主体税种结构;同时要规范财政收支结构,实现人民共享经济发展成果。     

网络消费社会对个体意识的建构研究——以网络交易平台消费为例

在互联网的世界里,鼠标轻触的那一刻我们就与这个世界联系起来了,在与世界相连的同时,每个人的信息也在无意识的状态下留在了互联网的大数据库中。数据库像鹰眼般无时无刻监视着网络世界的一切,并快速形成一个由信息技术完成消费控制、由消费行为建构符号意义的社会。以网络购物为切入点,以福柯的话语理论及鲍德里亚的消费理论、符号学原理为基础,分析网络消费中全景监狱的权力阶层与话语体系,以期通过调查数据最终阐释消费社会对个体消费意识的符号建构。     

外部环境如何影响农产品流通渠道长度？——一个外生的理论模型与实证检验

从宏观环境层面,基于农产品流通演进的外生视角构建了一个理论模型,并利用1981-2014年的时间序列数据实证研究了农产品流通渠道长度的演进规律以及影响其演进的外生环境因素。研究发现：农产品流通渠道长度的演变呈现出明显的阶段性特征,表现为渠道长度先变长再变短的“倒U型”演变趋势;居民食品消费支出、消费者延拓性、交通基础设施以及农产品流通政策的市场化导向对农产品流通渠道的长度具有显著的负效应,而居民的老龄化程度对农产品流通渠道的长度却表现出显著的正效应;鉴于各环境变量对农产品流通渠道变革作用方向和影响程度的差异性,未来农产品流通渠道长度的演进还将呈现出一定程度的波动特征。     

2015年中国能源流与碳流分析

在全球经济下行的大背景下,中国的经济增速也逐渐放缓,2015年GDP增速为6.9%,是自1991年来的首次破7。在经济新常态的背景下,能源供需和碳排放也出现了一些变化。基于最新的2015年中国能源平衡表（标准量）等数据,利用桑基图绘制出2015年的中国能源流图和碳流图,研究了主要能源种类的生产、加工转换和消费情况以及能源相关的碳排放流动。结果表明:2015年的能源消费量较2014年增幅仅为0.5%,由于中国发展阶段的限制,2015年的能源消费总量中工业部门占到了68.0%,但较2014年有所下降。2015年的CO2排放量较2014年增长3.7%。煤炭在能源中的主体地位虽然依旧突出但产量在持续下降,油气平稳发展,一次电力和其他能源在一次能源生产量的占比持续上升。能源库存量自2010年来首次由增转减。煤炭燃烧产生的碳排放量占全年碳排放量的82.0%,火力发电和工业部门是主要的碳排放来源,二者的碳排放量占到了全年碳排放量的76.9%。     

数字经济对城乡居民服务消费差距的影响研究

实现城镇化与乡村振兴协同发展需要不断缩小城乡居民消费差距。利用2008—2020年中国30个省份的面板数据,实证研究了数字经济对城乡居民服务消费差距的影响,结果发现:数字经济不但能够缩小城乡居民服务消费差距,而且存在着显著的空间溢出效应;数字经济通过缩小城乡人力资本差距和城乡居民收入差距以及提高农村金融效率等渠道降低了城乡居民服务消费差距;如果城乡人力资本差距和城乡居民收入差距不断缩小以及农村金融效率持续提升,数字经济对缩小各地区城乡居民服务消费差距的作用将逐渐减弱;从空间效应来看,各地区数字经济不能直接缩小本地区的城乡居民服务消费差距,但能够缩小周边地区的城乡居民服务消费差距。 数字经济能缩小东部和中部地区的城乡居民服务消费差距,但不能缩小西部和东北地区的城乡居民服务消费差距。因此,东北地区应加快数字基础设施建设,西部地区应与中部地区建立数字经济协调发展联动机制,东部地区应抢占全球数字科技战略制高点,全力推进数字经济快速发展,缩小城乡居民服务消费差距。     

Reducing Electricity Use on Campus: The Use of Prompts,Feedback, and Goal Setting to Decrease Excessive Classroom Lighting

Energy conservation is an important factor in both sustainability programs and operating costs faced by organizations. The current study used visual prompts, performance feedback, and goals setting to reduce unnecessary classroom lighting on a college campus. A package intervention was applied weekly over a semester using a multiple baseline design across three units, with one unit serving as a baseline-only control. Signs were hung in classrooms and updated weekly. The signs asked users to conserve energy by turning off the lights when the room is not in use, and indicated progress toward a goal for the current room as well as the building overall. The combined treatment successfully reduced unnecessary classroom lighting and generated interest in campus sustainability programs.     

信息消费环境的演变及时代特征研究

信息消费的发展已经超出了以往学者提出的演进路径，评估当前的信息消费环境已经成为了新的研究课题，而当前信息消费的概念需要更新，关于信息消费环境的概念也缺乏全面系统的阐释。结合时代特征，文章运用文献分析法和逻辑推演法，将新兴信息消费的概念更新为基于移动互联网、大数据和云计算等新兴行业，以智能设备为载体，以比特产品为消费对象的消费活动，将新时代背景下信息消费环境的概念定义为影响居民信息消费活动的一切自然社会、技术因素的总和，包含主体方环境、客体方环境和其他外部环境三个维度。本文研究成果可供评估新兴信息消费的环境作参考。     

Extension and the disposal of the world: Double‐crossing systems,culture, self and language

Long indexed by sociological ideas of structure, the notion of extension is yet disparate and poorly disseminated – as evidenced by popular motifs such as ‘the world is at our disposal’ eschewing notions of emplacement and embeddedness and instead championing choice and individualised agency. On the assumption that this lacunae relates in part to paradigm debates over incommensurability, the proposal in this inaugural lecture is to explore double‐crossing as a methodological device by which to draw insights on extension from major ‘gatherings’ of Euro‐American thought, while respecting the orderings, institutional arrangements, situations and networks each approach imposes. In retracing the ‘disposal’ of the world through four theoretical perspectives germane to sociology – namely systems, culture, self and language – the objective is to illustrate the methodology of double crossing. Drawing on both my work on social and cultural theory and my field studies in market leaders, I first show how moving back and forth between the older and newer ground within each perspective helps to elicit what gets unsighted from either view. Secondly, inasmuch as the usual way of ‘making a clearing’ is argued as caught ‘in reaction’ from extant theory (ending up say talking of parts instead of wholes or consumption in place of production), I advance the methodology of double‐crossing by excavating the recessive arrangements and ordering implicit in each perspective and so illuminate the different ways extension is affected by how world is imagined and experienced.     

Status,gender and life cycle in the consumption practices of the English elite. The case of Mary Leigh, 1736–1806

The consumption practices of the elite have received a great deal of attention from historians over the years. The role of women (and gender) is mostly considered in the context of married couples, and therefore at a particular stage in the life cycle, with emphasis placed on the complementary role of husband and wife in the household economy. We know less about the consumption behaviour of single women, especially the ways in which this developed over their life course, singleness being seen as a passing stage rather than a long-term condition for many elite women. This article takes a case-study approach to explore in detail how consumption and shopping behaviour were shaped by gender, status and family, and how the relative importance of these changed over the life course of the individual. It focuses in particular on what was bought from whom and the factors shaping the choice of supplier, and argues that single status gave women freedom to act, but that this was framed by the obligations of status and the constraints of family. Landownership, of course, brought responsibilities as well as opportunities that shaped spending; but family as lineage was especially important in shaping patterns and geographies of spending.     

农地集体所有权的消费和生产——基于阿玛蒂亚?森视角的分析?

在农地制度问题上,人们习惯性地只是注意了权力的生产,热衷于在权力的生产环节找问题。这种惯性思维的结果必然导向对集体所有制的质疑和否定。但现实权力不仅来自生产,也来自消费。当前农地制度的主要问题是在特定的政治体制和具体的社会生态下,农民的土地集体所有权无法消费。权力消费的低迷返回头来抑制和阻断了权力的生产,从而窒息了权力本身。农民的土地权力是社会权利甚至社会制度的函数,不是所有制的函数。30年来我们的农地改革把主要精力对准农地集体所有制本身,可能没有抓住导致农地制度问题的关键。