"美色"探秘的旅程

20多年前,鲁晨光先生对语言称呼和颜色视觉的一致性提出质疑,指出色觉差异或颠倒的可能性,且并不影响称呼和交流.这有悖于人们的惯常思维引起了论争,由此开始了作者与鲁先生在空间时分时合,跨国越洋;在时间上断续的、跨世纪的探索.从<潜科学>"是否存在标准色觉";<自然信息>"试析达尔文留下的香甜美难题";<学术界>"论第二物性感知差异"等,直到今天,终于形成了哲学的两亩地--新著<色觉奥妙和哲学基本问题>和<美感奥妙和需求进化>."美色"探秘的旅程,正是这哲学两亩地栽培浇灌,发芽结果的来龙去脉.     

Institutional Pressures and Organizational Capacity: The Case of Outcome Measurement1

A central claim of new institutional theory is that organizations in a field come to exhibit shared characteristics over time. Recent literature emphasizes variation across field members, but has yet to concur on why differences occur. This study tests institutional explanations for the uneven implementation of one organizational practice—outcome measurement, an evaluative technique used to assess the impact of an organization’s programs. We analyze data from a new survey investigating the practices of nonprofit organizations (N = 379) and argue for the inclusion of the concept of organizational capacity to account for the uneven implementation of outcome measurement. As predicted by new institutional theory, organizations are more likely to adopt outcome measurement if key actors promulgate its use. However, the implementation of outcome measurement is best explained by the addition of the concept of organizational capacity alongside variables drawn from new institutionalism. Nonprofits with adequate organizational capacity, operationalized—following Weber’s concept of bureaucracy—as the presence of written rules and members with specialized knowledge, are better able to respond to isomorphic pressures to implement a new organizational practice. Our findings expand scholarship that examines the intersection of institutional dynamics and organizational traits in accounting for patterns of implementation of practices across an organizational field.     

法拉第对阿拉果铜盘实验现象的研究和解释

详细介绍了法拉第研究和解释阿拉果铜盘实验现象的过程,阐明了在法拉第的研究过程中,对阿拉果铜盘实验现象的研究与其电磁感应现象的发现及研究之间的紧密联系。说明法拉第对阿拉果铜盘实验现象的研究和解释极大地促进了其对电磁感应现象的研究,是其电磁感应原理应用于实践研究的一个重要胜利,促进了电磁感应原理的传播和承认。     

国外电磁篱笆建设要素分析

日益增长的空间碎片对航天器和有限的轨道资源构成了严重的威胁,电磁篱笆是功率强大的地球中低轨道空间碎片监测设备.文中就国际上具有代表性的电磁篱笆,即美国和法国的电磁篱笆在建设过程中考虑的要素进行了详细分析,主要从地理位置、空域监视屏几何形状、性价比这3个方面因素进行了对比,并归纳了各自设计中的特点和优势.最后就国外电磁篱笆的发展趋势进行了分析和总结.     

明词视域下重观唐宋词的三种方式

近年来,明词成为词学领域新的学术增长点，在一定程度上得益于唐宋词研究者的持续助力。这从一个侧面反映了唐宋词研究在进入21世纪后面临的诸多困境：文献的完整、知识的密实、经典的稳固、范式的成熟等从多个维度制约了唐宋词研究的活力。事实上，明词作为唐宋金元词在时间上的接续者，是我们在通代视域下重审唐宋词的一个重要参照系。它所积累的知识资源与经验视角有助于我们转换思维方式，重新探究唐宋词研究中仅靠同时代文献无法解决的难题，重新评价唐宋词研究中的一些“平庸”问题，理解并反思现有唐宋词研究话语中的明清词学元素，在最大程度上激发唐宋词研究的活力。     

无限大双各向同性媒质中的矩阵并矢

讨论了双各向同性媒质中矩阵并矢格林函数的求解方法,给出了无限大双各向同性媒质中矩阵并矢格林函数主值和奇异项的计算结果。上述理论工作为随机分布双各向同性媒质散射场和媒质等效特性的计算奠定了基础。     

用TEMcell进行电磁兼容性测试的理论与实践

讨论了横电磁波小室（ＴＥＭｃｅｌｌ）在电磁兼容性测量中的应用，着重讨论应用ＴＥＭｃｅｌｌ测量受试设备的辐射干扰特性的理论基础和测量技术。就原理上而言，电磁泄漏源是电气小的，且可用三个等效的正交电偶极矩和三个等效的正交磁偶极矩来描述，通过测量确定这些组合偶极矩的振幅和相位。给出了实测结果。     

雷达截面的理论分析方法

介绍了过去几年内作者对飞行目标部件和整机雷达截面分析所采用的理论方法和取得的进展。分析的关键部件包括：天线、天线罩、进气道、机身机翼及翼身结合部一体化；方法包括：几何光学法、复射线法、物理光学法、等效电磁流法、绕射理论、矩量法与场量迭代法等。     

用直线法计算TEMcell中高次模截止频率

提出用直线法计算ＴＥＭｃｅｌｌ中高次模截止频率，求出了多个ＴＥ和ＴＭ模的截止频率值。所得结果与其他方法的结果吻合，表明直线法的精度高、计算量小，是很有效的方法。     

On Exact Simulation of Markov Random Fields Using Coupling from the Past

A general framework for exact simulation of Markov random fields using the Propp–Wilson coupling from the past approach is proposed. Our emphasis is on situations lacking the monotonicity properties that have been exploited in previous studies. A critical aspect is the convergence time of the algorithm; this we study both theoretically and experimentically. Our main theoretical result in this direction says, roughly, that if interactions are sufficiently weak, then the expected running time of a carefully designed implementation is O ( N log N ), where N is the number of interacting components of the system. Computer experiments are carried out for random q -colourings and for the Widom–Rowlinson lattice gas model.