论文人艺术活动和民间艺术审美倾向的差异

文人士大夫的艺术活动从本质上说,应该是“业余”的,是传统的带有人格修养自我完善的一种载体,所以也是“自娱”的。民间艺术活动中相同一部分是职业艺术家所为,从社会画师到说书艺人、戏剧班子,他们的艺术活动本身就是谋生的手段,所以他们的一切艺术活动为“娱人”而出售的对象总是要使他们在创作活动中体现自己的“生活价值观念”,当然也就在艺术活动中反映出一种审美的意趣倾向。在文人士大夫审美观念中往往认为是“粗俗”的东西,却反而会被他们奉为神往的目标。由于中国历史上文盲充斥,“高雅”的文人艺术及其审美价值观念远不及后者对社会文化意识的影响深度。     

A Meta-Analytic Review of the Association Between Disgust and Prejudice Toward Gay Men

ABSTRACT

A sizeable number of studies have documented a relationship between heterosexual persons’ experience of disgust (measured as an individual difference variable or induced experimentally) and prejudice toward gay men (i.e., homonegativity). Yet, to date, no one has attempted to meta-analytically review this corpus of research. We address this gap by conducting a meta-analysis of published and unpublished work examining heterosexual men and women’s disgust and their homonegativity toward gay men. Fourteen articles (12 published, two unpublished) containing 17 studies were analyzed (N = 7,322). The average effect size for disgust sensitivity studies was moderate to large (d = 0.64), whereas for disgust induction studies, the effect was large (d = 0.77). No evidence of effect size heterogeneity emerged. Future directions and recommendations for methodological improvements are outlined.     

《现实一种》的“真实性”解读

余华作为20世纪80年代先锋派的代表作家之一,《现实一种》是他此期的重要作品,通过一个大家庭内兄弟之间的仇杀来展示人性的罪恶,亲情的颠覆,道德的沦丧,人与人之间的冷漠,足以让读者在震撼和不可思议的同时质疑它的真实性。而余华在《现实一种》所要揭示的真实,并非是简单的照搬照抄现实生活,而是对现实生活精神真实的再现。     

潇湘夜雨叹羁旅长夜无眠感身世——简析马致远［双调］《寿阳曲·潇湘夜雨》

文章通过对马致远小令《潇湘夜雨》中设置的特定意象的品鉴,联系马致远的身份处境与其生活的宋元社会现实,简要分析作品所蕴含的怀才不遇羁旅他乡的离愁、追求仕途却半生蹉跎的迁愁谪意、心忧天下却偏寓潇湘、不甘沉沦却无可奈何……居多复杂难言的思想情感,并简要探究其历史渊源。     

Poverty and experiences of insecurity. A qualitative interview study of 25 long-standing recipients of social security

The purpose of this study is to explore experiences of insecurity among people living in relative poverty in an affluent welfare society. Twenty-five long-standing recipients of social security were interviewed. The study finds that poverty and related factors give rise to a sense of insecurity to which respondents react affectively with apprehension and anxiety. Respondents, all of whom live in the same Norwegian town, report multiple causes of their emotions, and adopt numerous psychological methods to address their sense of insecurity. The study's findings are discussed in light of theories of needs and emotions and contextual and methodological factors.     

Why still marry? The role of feelings in the persistence of marriage as an institution1

Despite cohabitation becoming increasingly equivalent to marriage in some of the most ‘advanced’ Western European societies, the vast majority of people still marry. Why so? Existing theories, mostly based on various approaches tied to cognitive decision‐making, do not provide a sufficient explanation of the persistence of marriage. In this article, we argue that feelings attached to marriage, i.e. the affective evaluation of those involved in a partner relationship concerning marriage as opposed to cohabitation, explain the persistent importance of marriage as an institution. We argue that socialization, biological and social‐structural factors affect these affective evaluations. We provide a test of our hypotheses using a longitudinal study of young adults in the Netherlands. The results of our analyses are consistent with a central role of feelings in the decision to marry, as well as with a role for key moderating factors such as gender.     

Emotions and Emotional Labor at Worker‐Owned Businesses: Deep Acting,Surface Acting,and Genuine Emotions

Members of worker cooperatives—organizations collectively owned and democratically run by their workers—report substantial differences in how they can or must perform various emotions, compared with previous work at conventional, hierarchical organizations. First, some emotions not allowed in conventional workplaces are fully permitted at worker cooperatives, including negative emotions, like anger, but also positive emotions, like enthusiasm. In contrast, other emotions must be displayed, even if insincere. Sometimes, these displays are accomplished through surface acting, like pretending to happily accept the slow pace of committee‐led change. Other times, through deep acting, members internalized new emotional reactions, such as pride, instead of resentment, when helping coworkers even after their own shifts had ended.     

Reflections on conducting research on the ‘war on terror’: religious identity,subjectivity and emotions

In recent years there has been an increase in literature which has explored the insider/outsider position through ethnic identities. However, there remains a neglect of religious identities, even though it could be argued that religious identities have become increasingly important through being prominent in international issues such as the ‘war on terror’ and the Middle East conflict. Through drawing on the concept of subjectivity, I reflect on research I conducted on the impact of the ‘war on terror’ on British Muslims. I explore the space between the insider/outsider position demonstrating how my various subjectivities – the ‘non-Islamic appearance I’, the ‘Muslim I’, the ‘personal I’, the ‘exploring I’, the ‘Kashmiri I’ or the ‘Pakistani I’, the ‘status I’ and the ‘outsider I’ – assisted in establishing trust, openness and commonality. I conclude by demonstrating how the ‘emotional I’ allowed me to manage my own emotions and participants emotions.     

Issues of collaboration,representation, meaning and emotions: utilising participant-led visual diaries to capture the everyday lives of people in mid to later life

In recent years there has been an increasing use of visual methods in ageing research. There are, however, limited reflections and critical explorations of the implications of using visual methods in research with people in mid to later life. This paper examines key methodological complexities when researching the daily lives of people as they grow older and the possibilities and limitations of using participant-generated visual diaries. The paper will draw on our experiences of an empirical study, which included a sample of 62 women and men aged 50 years and over with different daily routines. Participant-led photography was drawn upon as a means to create visual diaries, followed by in-depth, photo-elicitation interviews. The paper will critically reflect on the use of visual methods for researching the daily lives of people in mid to later life, as well as suggesting some wider tensions within visual methods that warrant attention. First, we explore the extent to which photography facilitates a ‘collaborative’ research process; second, complexities around capturing the ‘everydayness’ of daily routines are explored; third, the representation and presentation of ‘self’ by participants within their images and interview narratives is examined; and, finally, we highlight particular emotional considerations in visualising daily life.     

论企业管理的“七情六欲”——企业生命周期研究有感

爱迪思的《企业生命周期》一书从时序角度对企业进行剖析,得出其不同的生命阶段。类似地,可以从情绪角度对企业管理进行探讨。结合生命周期理论,可以发现企业在不同的生命周期表现出不同的情绪特征,正确把握不同时期的"企业情绪",可以对相应时期的企业管理进行有效诊断。孕育期的企业,容易受创业者的怒气影响,对此的规制,是这个阶段应予重视的。步入死亡期的企业,则体现为毫无感情的"无情",这种可怕的情绪将企业带入死亡的深渊。