也谈"错案追究制"

错案追究制自运行以来存在着许多问题,其所具有的负面影响超过了其积极效应的一面.本文从多角度分析了错案追究制产生的影响,并对错案进行了科学的界定.在此基础上,本文倡导错案追究制应让位于全面的司法改革,并提出了具体的司法改革措施.     

The potential of integrated modelling in conservation biology: A case study of the black‐footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes)

Conservation biology aims at assessing the status of a population, based on information which is often incomplete. Integrated population modelling based on state‐space models appears to be a powerful and relevant way of combining into a single likelihood several types of information such as capture‐recapture data and population surveys. In this paper, the authors describe the principles of integrated population modelling and they evaluate its performance for conservation biology based on a case study, that of the black‐footed albatross, a northern Pacific albatross species suspected to be impacted by longline fishing     

解读人与自然的和谐

人与自然和谐包含着丰富和深刻的内涵 ,从理论层面上看 ,它应是人与自然互相适应的辩证统一 ;从实践层面上讲 ,它应是人与自然双方均处于既被改造又应保护的关系之中。必须反对在这个问题上的各种片面的观点与看法     

Parent‐Adolescent Communication About Sex: Retrospective Reports by Latino College Students

Latina female (n= 97) and Latino male (n= 69) college students (M age = 21.4 years) completed self‐report surveys regarding family of origin experiences, including sexual communication with parents while growing up. Latino parents of this comparatively highly educated sample tended to use direct rather than indirect strategies for communicating about sexuality with their children. Young women reported higher levels of sexual communication with mothers while growing up than did young men, and respondents reported less communication with fathers than mothers. Among young women, sexual communication with mother was positively associated with non‐Mexican origin and negatively associated with having older brothers living at home. In contrast, maternal education was positively associated with mother‐son communication about sex. Paternal education and the absence of older brothers positively predicted communication with both sons and daughters. The analyses provide novel information regarding sexual communication in Latino families and suggest directions for future research.     

Choice of the primary analysis in longitudinal clinical trials

Missing data, and the bias they can cause, are an almost ever‐present concern in clinical trials. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach has been frequently utilized to handle missing data in clinical trials, and is often specified in conjunction with analysis of variance (LOCF ANOVA) for the primary analysis. Considerable advances in statistical methodology, and in our ability to implement these methods, have been made in recent years. Likelihood‐based, mixed‐effects model approaches implemented under the missing at random (MAR) framework are now easy to implement, and are commonly used to analyse clinical trial data. Furthermore, such approaches are more robust to the biases from missing data, and provide better control of Type I and Type II errors than LOCF ANOVA. Empirical research and analytic proof have demonstrated that the behaviour of LOCF is uncertain, and in many situations it has not been conservative. Using LOCF as a composite measure of safety, tolerability and efficacy can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a drug. This approach also violates the fundamental basis of statistics as it involves testing an outcome that is not a physical parameter of the population, but rather a quantity that can be influenced by investigator behaviour, trial design, etc. Practice should shift away from using LOCF ANOVA as the primary analysis and focus on likelihood‐based, mixed‐effects model approaches developed under the MAR framework, with missing not at random methods used to assess robustness of the primary analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人的自由活动与实践美学的意义

实践美学从历史唯物主义出发 ,指出了美感和美是社会历史实践的产物。它是一种凸现了人、人的活动、人的自由活动的美学。在理论上 ,实践美学顺应历史的潮流 ,宣告了形而上学的终结 ,走出了古典主义的二元对立思维模式 ;在现实上 ,实践美学针对时代的虚无 ,高扬人的旗帜 ,为美学研究开辟了一片新的天地。     

Marginal and association regression models for longitudinal binary data with drop‐outs: A likelihood‐based approach

Longitudinal data often contain missing observations, and it is in general difficult to justify particular missing data mechanisms, whether random or not, that may be hard to distinguish. The authors describe a likelihood‐based approach to estimating both the mean response and association parameters for longitudinal binary data with drop‐outs. They specify marginal and dependence structures as regression models which link the responses to the covariates. They illustrate their approach using a data set from the Waterloo Smoking Prevention Project They also report the results of simulation studies carried out to assess the performance of their technique under various circumstances.     

朱彝尊“醇雅说”之探讨

指出浙西派创始人朱彝尊以其独特的"醇雅说"而在清代众多文学流派中独树一帜,其崇雅正、斥淫哇、抑豪放、偏清空的创作理念对当时及后世都产生了广泛的影响。结合朱氏生活的时代背景及其创作的大量的诗词作品,从多个角度探讨了朱氏作品的旨趣与风格,以期最终描绘出"醇雅说"的内涵及其在指导诗词创作中重要的理论价值。     

浅析组织招聘人才时常犯的若干错误

人力资源是当代组织中最重要的组成部分,人力资源管理的水平直接关系到组织的兴衰成败。招聘人才是人力资源管理中至关重要的环节,吸引优秀人才,广纳天下精英是每个组织期望达到的主要目标。但在招聘人才过程中,招聘人员经常会出现各种各样的错误。针对当今人才招聘市场的现状,本文具体分析了招聘过程中不同阶段出现的若干问题。     

制度与制度权威

制度本质上是建立在一定社会生产力和社会关系基础之上的行为规范,它能够约束人们的行为符合某种秩序的要求。制度权威的本质是人们对一定社会物质生产过程和社会交往过程内在秩序性要求的服从。制度和制度权威建设,必须使制度符合一定社会的生产力、社会关系和人的状况。