全面建设小康社会中环境法制创新的理论概析

生态环境问题是我国现代化建设过程中必须解决的基本问题,走可持续发展道路是实现全面小康目标的必然选择,建立以可持续发展观为指导的环境法治系统是全面建设小康社会的重要保障.可持续发展理念对环境法制的基础理论和实践都会产生深远的影响.在建设小康社会新形势下,环境法制创新的目标领域涉及立法基本原则与调整理念更新、立法体系重构、基本对策及管理机制完善等诸方面.     

Potential exposures and risks from beryllium-containing products.

Beryllium is the strongest of the lightweight metals. Used primarily in military applications prior to the end of the Cold War, beryllium is finding new applications in many commercial products, including computers, telecommunication equipment, and consumer and automotive electronics. The use of beryllium in nondefense consumer applications is of concern because beryllium is toxic. Inhalation of beryllium dust or vapor causes a chronic lung disease in some individuals at concentrations as low as 0.01 microg/m3 in air. As beryllium enters wider commerce, it is prudent to ask what risks this might present to the general public and to workers downstream of the beryllium materials industry. We address this question by evaluating the potential for beryllium exposure from the manufacturing, use, recycle, and disposal of beryllium-containing products. Combining a market study with a qualitative exposure analysis, we determine which beryllium applications and life cycle phases have the largest exposure potential. Our analysis suggests that use and maintenance of the most common types of beryllium-containing products do not result in any obvious exposures of concern, and that maintenance activities result in greater exposures than product use. Product disposal has potential to present significant individual risks, but uncertainties concerning current and future routes of product disposal make it difficult to be definitive. Overall, additional exposure and dose-response data are needed to evaluate both the health significance of many exposure scenarios, and the adequacy of existing regulations to protect workers and the public. Although public exposures to beryllium and public awareness and concern regarding beryllium risks are currently low, beryllium risks have psychometric qualities that may lead to rapidly heightened public concern.     

人的全面发展与现代教育的使命

马克思主义关于人的全面发展理论是马克思主义教育思想的重要组成部分,早已成为制定教育方针、政策,确立社会主义教育目的的理论依据。从当前整个世界教育发展的总趋势以及教育理论与实践中存在的种种矛盾与困惑来看,重新论述和强调马克思主义关于人的全面发展思想,无论是对深入理解马克思主义教育思想,还是对重新认识现代教育的使命,指导社会主义教育实践,最终实现人的全面而自由的发展,都具有深远的意义。     

Costs and Rewards of Children: The Effects of Becoming a Parent on Adults' Lives

How do new parents differ from their childless counterparts in social and psychological resources, daily strains, and psychological well‐being? Using a nationally representative panel of 1,933 adults who were childless at the first interview, we compare 6 indicators of adults' lives for those who became parents and those remaining childless several years later, controlling for earlier states. Becoming a parent is both detrimental and rewarding. With the exception of social integration, which is greater for all groups of new parents compared with their childless counterparts, the effects of parental status on adults' lives vary markedly by gender and marital status. Unmarried parents report lower self‐efficacy and higher depression than their childless counterparts. Married mothers' lives are marked by more housework and more marital conflict but less depression than their childless counterparts. Parental status has little influence on the lives of married men.     

Valuation of childhood risk reduction: the importance of age, risk preferences, and perspective.

This article explores two problems analysts face in determining how to estimate values for children's health and safety risk reductions. The first addresses the question: Do willingness‐to‐pay estimates for health risk changes differ across children and adults and, if so, how? To answer this question, the article first examines the potential effects of age and risk preferences on willingness to pay. A summary of the literature reporting empirical evidence of differences between willingness to pay for adult health and safety risk reductions and willingness to pay for health and safety risk reductions in children is also provided. The second dimension of the problem is a more fundamental issue: Whose perspective is relevant when valuing children's health effects—society's, children's, adults‐as‐children, or parents'? Each perspective is considered, followed ultimately by the conclusion that adopting a parental perspective through an intrahousehold allocation model seems closest to meeting the needs of the estimation problem at hand. A policy example in which the choice of perspective affects the outcome of a regulatory benefit‐cost analysis rounds out the article and emphasizes the importance of perspective.     

科技发展与人的发展

在社会实践活动中,科学技术引导人在真、善、美三个方面充分展现自己的本性和才能,是人发展与完善自身的内在动力。由于科技发展与人的社会责任、知识成果运用的动机与效果之间存在可能的冲突,科技发展对人的发展也具有否定性影响。必须对科技活动的主体提出自我调适的要求,促进人类健康发展。     

“以人为本”与唯物史观

“以人为本”在不同的语境下具有不同的内涵。“以人为本”就是用哲学的理念把握社会,是一种价值理念和思维方式,而唯物史观本身就是关于人类社会历史的动态结构(包括建构)及其变化发展(包括发展动力)规律的基本理论观点。这种观点正是从现实的活生生的人出发,以他们的存在、以他们的现实生活和生产活动为前提的。同时,以人为本和唯物史观的终极目的————人的全面发展等也是一致的。可以说,唯物史观实现了以人为本的理念。     

倡导勤俭自强的消费伦理观--关于合肥地区大学生问卷调查的思考

文章结合学习宣传和贯彻落实《公民道德建设实施纲要》,主要回答为什么必须重视大学生消费伦理观的新变化,大学生消费状况及消费伦理观有哪些新变化,以及正确引导大学生消费伦理观的现实意义。     

新经济时代的职工收入结构探讨

认为新经济时代生产方式的转移 ,迫使职工参与生产获得收入的方式发生相应的变动 ,因而在对单一劳动收入的弊端进行分析的基础上 ,从理论上探讨了劳动与资本并存的拥有财富的收入途径 ,提出了建立我国职工收入的新结构 ,并分析了双因素收入结构对经济发展的促进作用。     

The Experience of Gender Change in Public Sector Organizations

The state has a twofold relationship to gender change in society, through its overall steering capacity and through the gendered character of its constituent agencies. It is therefore important to understand the experience of gender change in state organizations. The findings from a study of gender relations in ten public‐sector worksites in New South Wales, Australia are presented. There is a widespread consciousness of gender change linked with new labour processes, restructuring and new patterns of management. These changes are uneven and limits to change are visible. Gender is recognized as an organizational problem in specific circumstances, most visibly where men’s resistance to change appears. A number of mechanisms limit the consciousness of gender as a problem. Several trends, including the current strength of neo‐liberalism, converge to make the gender‐neutral workplace the principal goal of gender reform in the public‐sector workplace. This, however, limits the state’s steering capacity in regard to societal gender relations.