研究生创业的现实需求和实现途径

随着我国研究生招生数量不断增多,研究生待就业人数的增大,研究生就业问题也日益引起社会的关注.创业作为有效提升就业率的重要方法,却没有在研究生中得到普遍的推行.究其原因,一方面是研究生自身的因素掣肘,另一方面则是研究生创业教育的缺失所致.因此,探索研究生创业的现实需求和实现途径,分析研究生创业的现状、必要性,找寻研究生创业的有效途径,对于提升研究生创业意识、推动研究生顺利就业、实现研究生的社会价值和人生价值有着重要的意义.     

高校贫困大学生择业、就业、创业心理问题探析——以丽江师范高等专科学校为例

当前,全社会对大学生就业问题都比较关注,然而于西部偏远地区的贫困大学生就业、择业、创业等方面的关注较少。文章以云南丽江师范高等专科学校为例,对贫困大学生择业、就业、创业心理问题进行探析,并提出对策。     

Road socialism

Road socialists maintain that government is the best manager for the nation's vehicular transportation arteries. Contrary to their views, the present author maintains that the managerial role can best be fulfilled by private entrepreneurs. Under highway privatization, he claims, traffic fatalities and automobile congestion will be sharply reduced.The author wishes to thank the North American Editor of Transport Policy, and an anonymous referee from the present journal, for helpful suggestions and commentary on an earlier draft of this paper.     

我国中小企业国际化成长相关因素的实证分析

选取深圳证券交易所中小企业71家上市公司为样本，考察了我国中小企业国际化成长的影响因素。研究结果显示我国中小企业国际化成长与企业创业时间无关，与企业高管层的国际化知识经验水平及企业外资背景正相关，与企业资本／劳动比率和技术水平负相关。劳动密集型企业的国际化进程要优于资本密集型和高技术型企业。我国中小企业应提升高管层的国际化知识和经验水平，充分发挥“新生学习优势”，从国际化的过程中增强对国际市场机会的判断和利用能力；同时，利用外资开展内向国际化，是提高外向国际化水平的有效途径。     

Family-Enterprise Initiatives as a Response to Socioeconomic and Political Change in Eastern and Central Europe

It is argued that family business enterprises can be an adaptive response to the transformations that recently have characterized Eastern and Central Europe. Family-centered initiatives are important for sustainable socioeconomic development. In this article, a family-enterprise incubator scheme for the stimulation of family and socioeconomic development is discussed. This approach incorporates resources, services, and supports beyond those conventionally offered.     

The Gendered State of Business: Gender,Enterprises and State in Israeli Society

Whether the state provides different entrepreneurial opportunities for women and men and how is an issue rarely discussed in the growing literature concerning gender and organizations. Integrating gender and organization literature with political theories of the state, this paper compares women's entrepreneurship in one setting (Israeli society) across two time periods: before and after the foundation of a sovereign state. Our analysis identifies three manifestations of the gendering state through which it moulds business opportunities of men and women entrepreneurs. We examine how these manifestations: the delegation of economic actors, managing interactions between individuals and institutions, and administering a bureaucracy, shape access to capital and the structure of networks. The article contributes to the existing scholarship by extending the understanding of direct and indirect influence of the state on the reproduction of the image of the ideal entrepreneur and on gender differences in entrepreneurial activity.     

Measuring Social Return on Investment

Strategic decision making and evaluation in philanthropic giving and social investment requires good‐quality information about the social impacts of that investment. One way to meet this need is by calculating a social return on investment (SROI) measure, akin to the return on investment (ROI) approach used in business analysis. Despite much buzz in the field, SROI measurements are rarely used, in part because of the complexity of the calculations but also because of a number of thorny and often expensive organizational challenges associated with implementing an SROI process. This article explores these implementation challenges by comparing four social venture organizations in the health care field—two in the Netherlands and two in the United States—that have utilized some sort of SROI measurement. We summarize the SROI process and identify the specific organizational challenges in each case. Lessons learned from this analysis include the value of process versus product and the importance of fitting the type of measurement to the organizational context. We conclude with a summary of best practices for organizations and social investors who might try to make effective use of SROI measures.     

高职院校大学生创业教育现状调查及对策

从高职院校大学生创业教育现状调查结果发现,创业形式单一、师资力量薄弱、学生创业知识缺乏、创业能力不足、创业实践偏少是制约着创业教育发展的瓶颈。要提升创业教育实效,就需要国家、社会、高校共同配合。从优化创业环境、建设“双师型”创业师资队伍、构建“1＋3”创业课程体系、设立学生创业平台,强化创业教育实践的广度和深度。革除传统创业教育的“虚化”现象。     

知识产权创业能力的理论构建与实证分析:基于高技术企业的多案例研究

在知识经济背景下,知识产权成为高技术企业竞争优势的重要来源。因此,如何构建知识产权创业能力以促进企业的快速成长,成为学者和企业家共同关心的问题。在以往文献的基础上,从创业能力的视角出发,以“探索-转化-开发”的组织学习理论为基础,通过对三家国家高新技术企业的案例进行比较和分析,可归纳出知识产权创业能力的三个维度,分别是:获取能力,包括内部创造和外部吸收|维护能力,包括产权保护和系统构建|运营能力,包括产品运营和产权运营。研究结论一方面扩展了学界对知识产权创业问题的认识,为相关研究提供借鉴,另一方面也对高技术企业的知识产权创业实践提供了指导。     

情境性调节焦点、即时情绪和认知需要对技术创业决策的影响

情境性调节焦点、即时情绪和认知需要对个体探索型技术创业决策和应用型技术创业决策的影响研究表明：（1）促进焦点的个体比预防焦点的个体在探索型技术创业和应用型技术创业上均有更大的倾向;积极情绪的个体比消极情绪的个体更倾向于选择探索型技术创业;高认知需要的个体比低认知需要的个体在探索型技术创业和应用型技术创业上均有更大的倾向。（2）情境性调节焦点和即时情绪的交互作用显著影响个体的探索型技术创业倾向,但不显著影响应用型技术创业倾向。（3）即时情绪和认知需要的交互作用显著影响个体的应用型技术创业倾向,但不显著影响探索型技术创业倾向。