中美婚姻伦理差异研究

中美两国不同的经济发展水平和文化传统使两国的婚姻伦理存在差异。在婚姻的选择上中国家庭注重整体利益,美国家庭则注重个人情感。这体现在中美两国不同的婚姻前提条件和婚姻决定权上。婚后,夫妻关系成为婚姻伦理的主要部分,中国夫妻的关系较为密切,而美国夫妻即使关系再亲密双方也会保持一定的独立性,这与两国夫妻不同的家庭地位和相处模式密切相关。中美两国的离婚率和离婚原因反映出当婚姻出现问题时,中国家庭会本着"从一而终"的观念尽力挽回,而美国家庭则是用"顺其自然"的态度面对。     

我国转基因食品安全管理存在的主要问题——由美国转基因产品“黄金大米”引发的思考

由于转基因食品安全性的不确定,整个世界有关转基因食品的安全管理受到全社会的伦理审视和极度重视,各国制定极为严格的监管政策对转基因食品的研发、生产、流通与国际贸易等环节进行规制和管理.通过对国际上和中国对转基因食品安全管理的对比认识,提出转基因食品安全管理的基本思路,有助于国家制定既能保障食品安全,同时又能促进转基因技术创新发展的安全管理制度,为中国转基因技术的突破及转基因产品的商业化提供理论依据.     

共享发展理念下的农村命运共同体建构

农村命运共同体是对农村伦理共同体的扬弃。当前,传统权威的肢解、乡土意识的弱化和个体的“原子化”构成农村社会转型的集中表征。社会转型严重打破了传统的聚合形式,造成了农村交往行动的无序化、组织形态的碎片化和价值观念的异质化。共享发展理念对于回应农村命运共同体的发展困境具有积极意义,它也为农村命运共同体的建构提供了新的理路。在共享发展理念的导向下,农村命运共同体的建构必须推进如下工作：在政治文化层面,推进基层协商的发展与包容文化的社会内化;在经济发展层面,确保发展的均衡性与公共服务的实效性;在基层治理层面,积极创设“合作治理”的农村发展模式。     

冯友兰“天地境界”说对生态伦理学的意义

冯友兰先生在其著作<新原人>中提出了人生四境界说:自然境界、功利境界、道德境界、天地境界.其中天地境界为最高境界,它是"知天"、"事天"、"乐天"、"同天"的统一.这一思想与现代生态伦理学观点有许多相契合之处.从认识角度说,这种境界体现了与西方理性主义倡导的二元对立所不同的系统思维;从实践角度说,它倡导限制人的物质欲望,提升精神人格;从审美角度说,人把自然作为审美对象,通过"移情"把自然纳入到道德关怀的范围,使自然与人和谐共处.     

Change is an Ongoing Ethical Event: Levinas,Bakhtin and the Dialogical Dynamics of Becoming

In this article, we use the intersubjective ethics of Bakhtin and Levinas and a case illustration to explore change in therapy as an ethical phenomenon. We follow Lakoff and Johnson in their emphasis on the way our conceptions of change seem permeated by metaphors. Bakhtin and Levinas both suggest through a language in which metaphors play a crucial role, that human existence—the consciousness and the subject—emerge within the dialogue of the encounter. They both describe the dynamics of human existence as ethical in their origin. Following this, we argue that change may be seen as an ongoing ethical event and that the dynamics of change are found in the ways we constantly become in this event. We investigate the ethical dynamics of this ongoing event through three themes illuminating the contributions of both Bakhtin and Levinas: (1) we become as responsible, (2) we become in speaking, (3) we become in answering the unknown. We explore these themes through a case illustration. Finally, we briefly point out some possible implications for mental health practice.     

中国少数民族伦理道德的起源和发展规律研究

本文从少数民族伦理道德发展是前进的过程、少数民族伦理道德在批判中继承和发展、少数民族伦理道德进步是螺旋式上升过程、少数民族伦理道德从特殊性到统一性的发展等四个方面,论述了中国少数民族伦理道德的起源和发展规律。作者认为,研究中国少数民族伦理道德的起源和发展规律,对于全面认识和研究中国少数民族传统伦理道德,加强社会主义精神文明建设具有重要的历史和现实意义。     

Ethno-religious groups work values and ethics: the case of Jews,Muslims and Christians in Israel

This study examines and compares, for the first time, the MOW (Meaning of Work) among Jews and Arabs (Muslims and Christians) in Israel and attempts to explain the similarities and the differences in work ethics among these ethno-religious groups. The MOW questionnaire was conducted on 898 Jewish, 215 Muslim and 103 Christian respondents who were currently working. The MOW dimensions were: economic orientation, entitlement norms, obligation norms, interpersonal relations orientation, intrinsic orientation and work centrality. The findings reveal significant differences in most of the MOW dimensions between the three religious groups. Overall, demographic factors partially explain the MOW differences. The MOW differences among the three groups can be explained mainly by cultural differences. Since there is mass Arab (Muslims and Christians) immigration from the Middle East to Europe this study provides a better understanding of their perceptions about work and their work values and ethics. The applications of the findings for organizations are discussed.     

‘We are actually,after all,just children’: caring societies and South African infantilisation of adults with intellectual disability

This article comments on infantilisation by attending to South African adult intellectual disability (ID) care through an intersubjective ethics of care lens, and shows how such an ethic can shine light on shifting our responses towards ID. Care performance data were gathered from three sources within two South African specialist ID care sites – from 10 adult residents, 16 nurses as spatiotemporal carers, and three wards as ethnographic sites. Deeply embedded and interwoven throughout various care practices is the disabling of adults with intellectual impairment when literally referred to as ‘children’. These adult-unmaking processes constitute practices that fall short of Tronto and Kittay’s caring societies ethic. Care exchanges generate relational and intersubjective spaces in which people are understood as never meeting full criteria for personhood. Infantilising care dynamics require urgent attention if we wish to change ways in which ID is viewed and responded to in South Africa.     

对孔子“和谐”伦理思想的探究

孔子思想的核心是他的＂仁学＂理论。所谓＂仁＂,从字面上来看就是＂二人成仁＂,它是人与人之间交往的最高准则。孔子思想主要就是围绕着人与人之间的伦理道德关系来展开的,而＂和谐＂是贯穿孔子整个思想体系的具有终极意义的一个理想目标。孔子的和谐伦理思想历经千年的沧海桑田、大浪淘沙,其中包含着许多合理因素,可供我们借鉴,以便寻找到适合自己的道路。     

高职职业道德教育的人口——研究学生

本文指出研究高职生是高职院校开展职业道德教育的人口和重要实践前提,学院应为丌展职业道德教育创造最佳的教育环境。