Local spatial data infrastructure, Trujillo-Peru

The development of a Municipal Information System, or currently better known as a local spatial data infrastructure, is considered complex due to the required inter-institutional relationships. In many developing countries Geographical Information Systems (GISs) are introduced but the benefits are modest as no changes take place in technical and organisational structure of organisations. Digital databases and computer-aided design (CAD) maps are mushrooming in great variety within different private and public institutions, municipal organisations and even within single departments and with structures similar to the paper period and thus operating on a stand-alone basis.Many national mapping agencies are not able to provide large-scale digital urban base maps, while the absence or low quality of cadastres makes those basic core data sets unavailable or inaccessible. The result is that duplication and incompatible data are frequently observed and also donor-driven stand-alone projects have a limited impact through the lack of institutional embedding and are not able to mature from the project to the institutional level. However, a positive sign is that there is an increasing awareness among data producers and consumers that investments in the development of digital data sets should be combined to reduce costs and increase benefits from especially GIS, and information and communication technology (ICT) in general.Within Trujillo a long-term vision was developed to make full use of ICT and GIS to modernise all operations of the Municipality to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of its tasks. However, large investments are not feasible due to the very limited municipal budgets. To guarantee the support of the municipal council, short-term results are required. This paper describes three ‘products’ as part of the vision to develop through a step-by-step approach a local spatial data infrastructure for Trujillo.The three, rather different, products are:

1. fiscal cadastre, to increase municipal revenues through property taxation;

2. an ‘environmental atlas’ based on a compatible spatial and attribute data sets from a variety of organisations; and

3. a municipal website with interactive GIS and meta data information.

The paper concludes with some comments on the institutional and political requirements for the successful development of a local spatial data infrastructure and stresses that such an infrastructure is not a product but an incremental development process that will progress only in case such a process is simple, cost effective, user-friendly, and flexible with clear products.Political interest and institutional stability and genuine interest for inter-institutional cooperation will add much to the success of this process.     

Multiple imputation of missing data with ante-dependence covariance structure

A controlled clinical trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy effect of a chemical compound in the treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The data from the trial showed a non-monotone pattern of missing data and an ante-dependence covariance structure. A new analytical method for imputing the missing data with the ante-dependence covariance is proposed. The PMDD data are analysed by the non-imputation method and two imputation methods: the proposed method and the MCMC method.     

Asymptotic bias in the linear mixed effects model under non-ignorable missing data mechanisms

Summary.  In longitudinal studies, missingness of data is often an unavoidable problem. Estimators from the linear mixed effects model assume that missing data are missing at random. However, estimators are biased when this assumption is not met. In the paper, theoretical results for the asymptotic bias are established under non-ignorable drop-out, drop-in and other missing data patterns. The asymptotic bias is large when the drop-out subjects have only one or no observation, especially for slope-related parameters of the linear mixed effects model. In the drop-in case, intercept-related parameter estimators show substantial asymptotic bias when subjects enter late in the study. Eight other missing data patterns are considered and these produce asymptotic biases of a variety of magnitudes.     

西部高校怎样更好实现计算机与物理实验的整合

随着计算机的飞速发展,学校里出现了越来越多的多媒体教室;CAI计算机辅助教学、虚拟实验教学等各种软件更是蓬勃发展起来;很多教育工作者提出物理实验中计算机仿真教学、物理实验中应用计算机辅助教学等各种措施.作为西部高校,我们应该根据自身资金有限、学生基础比较薄弱等特点,更好的实现计算机与物理实验的整合.     

Influence diagnostics and outlier tests for semiparametric mixed models

Summary. Semiparametric mixed models are useful in biometric and econometric applications, especially for longitudinal data. Maximum penalized likelihood estimators (MPLEs) have been shown to work well by Zhang and co-workers for both linear coefficients and nonparametric functions. This paper considers the role of influence diagnostics in the MPLE by extending the case deletion and subject deletion analysis of linear models to accommodate the inclusion of a nonparametric component. We focus on influence measures for the fixed effects and provide formulae that are analogous to those for simpler models and readily computable with the MPLE algorithm. We also establish an equivalence between the case or subject deletion model and a mean shift outlier model from which we derive tests for outliers. The influence diagnostics proposed are illustrated through a longitudinal hormone study on progesterone and a simulated example.     

数据挖掘与数据仓库在CRM中的应用

介绍了客户关系管理的思想、功能组成 ,以及数据挖掘和数据仓库技术在客户关系管理中的应用     

高校院系资料室的建设及其与校图书馆的共建

高等院校的院系资料室是图书系统的组成部分,在承担院系教师和学生查阅资料方面,具有图书馆无可比拟的功能和作用。文章主要分析了高校院系资料室存在的问题以及其解决措施,并明确了院系资料室与图书馆之间的关系,对院系资料室的建设提供了借鉴。     

商业银行贷款定价模型构造研究

本文从贷款定价的原则和因素分析着手 ,提出贷款价格由核心价格、风险附加价格和可折让价格三部分组成 ,并建立了贷款定价数学模型。同时 ,利用决策树实现了贷款定价决策。     

新时期学报资料信息工作之管见

文章从信息时代的需要出发,主要阐述了学报资料搜集的依据、原则和方法,提出了有效的管理办法和开发利用学报资料的新思路。     

一种基于神经网络和决策树的信用评估新方法

分析了数据挖掘在国内外金融领域的应用及研究现状,提出了一种基于神经网络和决策树相结合的信用评估新方法。该方法通过RBF神经网络,进行条件属性裁减,并利用决策树抽取出评估规则。此方法利用神经网络的“黑箱”工作特性,选择重要条件属性,并利用决策树自动生成评估规则,大大提高了信用评估的效率和客观性。