基于动态环境构型分析的企业雇佣策略研究

在整合已有研究的基础上,通过构型分析来研究不同性质的环境动态性及其对企业战略性雇佣策略的复合性影响,并构建出基于动态环境的企业雇佣策略选择机制以促进该领域研究的发展.研究认为,环境的动态性是多维的,其中的知识扩散速度会影响企业的知识管理范式和雇佣策略,而竞争环境的波动决定了企业需要具备的人力资源柔性的程度,但对雇佣策略的影响则不明确.研究结果表明,处于知识慢速扩散环境的企业适宜采取长期雇佣,竞争环境的波动程度则会影响企业管理知识员工的方式;当环境中知识快速扩散但竞争环境波动较低时,企业适宜采用短期雇佣;当知识扩散速度和竞争环境波动都较高时,企业适宜采取多元雇佣.     

国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部重要期刊异质知识交流能力研究

将不同期刊刊载知识视为异质信息,若一种期刊的个体引文网络中存在联系较为紧密的小团体,则小团体刊载知识被视为该刊的异质信息源。以国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部认定的30种重要期刊在1980～2009年间形成的互引网络为分析对象,运用社会网络分析工具从异质知识传播、吸收及流动3个角度探讨重要期刊个体引文网络的结构洞情况。发现《管理世界》等期刊跨越较多的结构洞,比较容易与其他重要期刊进行异质知识交流,交流途径非常高效、稳健,且异质知识交流数量和质量受某一种期刊的影响很小。     

学习型组织中的虚拟团队知识共享模型研究

传统的知识共享理论不能直接应用到虚拟团队知识共享研究之中,为克服虚拟团队知识共享存在的障碍,对交互记忆系统运作的核心--元记忆目录进行了扩展,加入元知识和社会网络2个维度,以帮助虚拟团队解决统一知识表述、规范专长认知、知识资源描述和展现内部实际沟通网络等问题.以扩展性元记忆目录为核心,建立了基于交互记忆理论的虚拟团队知识共享模型,并对知识共享模型各因素的相互关系进行了分析,提出了未来研究的结构方程模型.     

有核网络型集群中知识共享深度与知识型企业的创新资源投入关系研究

针对我国由国内小企业对大企业(国外跨国公司)的依附关系而形成的有核网络型集群.建立集群中知识溢出、知识共享所形成的不同深度组织知识和企业的私有知识对产出的影响分析模型,通过仿真计算,研究了不同知识共享深度及私有知识产出弹性对企业知识共享行为和创新资源投入的影响.研究表明,对大企业而言.只有当公共知识产出弹性超过一定阈值时,才会进行主动知识共享,且该阈值随着知识共享深度的增加而增大:且当公共知识产出弹性超过该阈值时,大企业创新投入将随公共知识产出弹性的增加而显著增加;但此时公共知识产出弹性的增加反而会抑制小企业的创新投入.相关研究结论对促进集群持续发展提供了有益的启示.     

知识型员工流失的深层研究——基于心理契约的视角

知识型员工由于其地位和作用的特殊性,一直是企业竞争的主要对象,其流动率也一直较高。知识型员工流失在很大程度上是心理契约违背的必然结果,因此,重构和优化心理契约至关重要。具体而言,在招聘、入职、变动和离职四个阶段,企业应分别采取真实岗位预视、建立动态档案、加强沟通、及时补偿和离职面谈等措施,防止知识型员工流失。     

The place of informality and illegality in planning education in Nigeria

This paper discusses the extent to which topical planning issues of informality and illegality are incorporated into the educational curricula in Nigerian planning schools. Given the scale and enormity of informal and illegal settlements in Nigeria and other African cities, these issues should be emphasized in the education and training of planning professionals. Yet, few curricula in Nigerian planning schools, including the Nigerian Town Planners Registration Council’s professional curriculum, incorporate informal urban issues. The paper recommends an educational interventionist approach based on recognition of the potential of indigenous knowledge as a means of producing critical and reflective planning graduates who possess the competencies to deal with contemporary settlement challenges. It presents the institutional landscape for planning education and the processes of planning curricular reform and accreditation with a view to revitalizing planning education in Nigeria.     

Quantal Risk Assessment Database: A Database for Exploring Patterns in Quantal Dose‐Response Data in Risk Assessment and its Application to Develop Priors for Bayesian Dose‐Response Analysis

Quantitative risk assessments for physical, chemical, biological, occupational, or environmental agents rely on scientific studies to support their conclusions. These studies often include relatively few observations, and, as a result, models used to characterize the risk may include large amounts of uncertainty. The motivation, development, and assessment of new methods for risk assessment is facilitated by the availability of a set of experimental studies that span a range of dose‐response patterns that are observed in practice. We describe construction of such a historical database focusing on quantal data in chemical risk assessment, and we employ this database to develop priors in Bayesian analyses. The database is assembled from a variety of existing toxicological data sources and contains 733 separate quantal dose‐response data sets. As an illustration of the database's use, prior distributions for individual model parameters in Bayesian dose‐response analysis are constructed. Results indicate that including prior information based on curated historical data in quantitative risk assessments may help stabilize eventual point estimates, producing dose‐response functions that are more stable and precisely estimated. These in turn produce potency estimates that share the same benefit. We are confident that quantitative risk analysts will find many other applications and issues to explore using this database.     

Cross‐Sectional Psychological and Demographic Associations of Zika Knowledge and Conspiracy Beliefs Before and After Local Zika Transmission

Perceptions of infectious diseases are important predictors of whether people engage in disease‐specific preventive behaviors. Having accurate beliefs about a given infectious disease has been found to be a necessary condition for engaging in appropriate preventive behaviors during an infectious disease outbreak, while endorsing conspiracy beliefs can inhibit preventive behaviors. Despite their seemingly opposing natures, knowledge and conspiracy beliefs may share some of the same psychological motivations, including a relationship with perceived risk and self‐efficacy (i.e., control). The 2015–2016 Zika epidemic provided an opportunity to explore this. The current research provides some exploratory tests of this topic derived from two studies with similar measures, but different primary outcomes: one study that included knowledge of Zika as a key outcome and one that included conspiracy beliefs about Zika as a key outcome. Both studies involved cross‐sectional data collections that occurred during the same two periods of the Zika outbreak: one data collection prior to the first cases of local Zika transmission in the United States (March–May 2016) and one just after the first cases of local transmission (July–August). Using ordinal logistic and linear regression analyses of data from two time points in both studies, the authors show an increase in relationship strength between greater perceived risk and self‐efficacy with both increased knowledge and increased conspiracy beliefs after local Zika transmission in the United States. Although these results highlight that similar psychological motivations may lead to Zika knowledge and conspiracy beliefs, there was a divergence in demographic association.     

“Chemophobia” Today: Consumers’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Chemicals

This mixed‐methods study investigated consumers’ knowledge of chemicals in terms of basic principles of toxicology and then related this knowledge, in addition to other factors, to their fear of chemical substances (i.e., chemophobia). Both qualitative interviews and a large‐scale online survey were conducted in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland. A Mokken scale was developed to measure laypeople's toxicological knowledge. The results indicate that most laypeople are unaware of the similarities between natural and synthetic chemicals in terms of certain toxicological principles. Furthermore, their associations with the term “chemical substances” and the self‐reported affect prompted by these associations are mostly negative. The results also suggest that knowledge of basic principles of toxicology, self‐reported affect evoked by the term “chemical substances,” risk‐benefit perceptions concerning synthetic chemicals, and trust in regulation processes are all negatively associated with chemophobia, while general health concerns are positively related to chemophobia. Thus, to enhance informed consumer decisionmaking, it might be necessary to tackle the stigmatization of the term “chemical substances” as well as address and clarify prevalent misconceptions.     

External knowledge search,absorptive capacity and radical innovation in high-technology firms

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two concepts based on the idea that companies can leverage the knowledge generated externally to improve their innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the joint effect of open innovation and absorptive capacity on a firm's radical innovation. Open innovation is expressed in terms of external search breadth and depth strategies and absorptive capacity is described by distinguishing between potential and realized absorptive capacity. In order to test our hypotheses, we carried out empirical research in firms operating in high-technology industries. The results indicate that internal routines and processes for absorbing external knowledge help explain radical innovation as they show a significant effect of potential and realized absorptive capacity. Also, there is a moderating effect of absorptive capacity on open innovation. Specifically, potential absorptive capacity exerts a positive effect on the relationship between external search breadth and depth and radical innovation. Realized absorptive capacity moderates the influence of external search breadth. These findings confirm the complementary nature of absorptive capacity and open innovation search strategies on radical innovation.