Contraceptive determinants in three leading countries

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative importance of access to family planning and the motivation to restrict fertility in determining contraceptive use in three countries that have led the fertility transitions in their regions: Colombia, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe. A structural equations model is estimated where endogenous fertility intentions are allowed to affect contraceptive method use. Simulation methods are then used to quantify the size of the impact of intentions and access on method choice for the three countries. The results demonstrate that even after controlling for fertility intentions, family planning program variables still have important effects in all three countries.     

论对我国弱势群体权利保护的法理思考

弱势群体从法律意义上讲是指在社会转型时期，因社会制度安排等非个人因素而导致的在生存、就业或合法权益保障方面处于弱势地位，需要由国家通过法定形式予以救济的人群共同体。弱势群体“弱势”的实质是权利弱势。弱势群体权利保护的法律理念应为：公平、正义、秩序和发展权。     

构建和谐社会中的收入分配问题

当前我国社会收入分配问题的症结不是在于基尼系数所表达的分配结果不均,而是在于机会不平等的过程中产生的分配不公。能否处理好不同范畴的收入分配问题,特别是因滥用公共权力引起的社会分配不公,则关系到改革、发展、稳定的大局。社会需要通过改革有效调整已经形成的社会收入分配格局,使之能够朝着公平、正义的方向演变,这是构建和谐社会中亟待解决的关键问题之一。     

试论和谐文化的建设途径

实现社会和谐是人类历史上长期追求的社会理想,每一种社会都需要与之相适应的文化,构建社会主义和谐社会需要与之相匹配的和谐文化。从狭义的"文化"概念即观念文化出发,和谐文化至少应该包括法治、制度观念、公平观念、诚信观念和美德意识四个方面。和谐文化的建设主要有三个基本途径:坚持全面、协调和可持续的发展观,进一步改善人们的物质生活条件,同时公平对待每一个人的生存需要和发展需要;健全、完善相关制度,强化人们的法治意识,营造健康向上的社会环境;复兴中国传统中的"和"文化意识,延续"和而不同"的优良传统。     

Chinese and Americans Agree on What Is Fair,but Disagree on What Is Best in Societal Decisions Affecting Health and Safety Risks

Through surveys of students and junior professionals and interviews with business and government executives, we studied Chinese choices and fairness perceptions in risky health and safety decisions. The survey responses were compared with American responses from an earlier study by Keller and Sarin.The survey results show that the American and Chinese respondents had similar fairness perceptions, but the Chinese did not make decisions that were consistent with their fairness perceptions, whereas the Americans did. We found that the middle-age Chinese professionals tended to make choices that were more different from the Americans than were the choices of the young Chinese management students. It is likely that these discrepancies were caused by cultural differences, with the younger Chinese tending to face a stronger Western influence.The insights from the survey results were enriched by interviews that revealed fairness perceptions of Chinese business and government executives. A framework to interpret cultural influences on decision making was also proposed.     

社会主义职业道德建设中的公平与利益问题

职业道德作为一定社会劳动组织所做出的“社会规范安排”，其根本目的是实现和维护该职业集团的共同利益，进而实现社会各个行业即整个社会的利益的协调与公平。职业道德不仅是从业者个人道德修养的问题，根本上是一个社会公平与利益的问题。和谐社会视野中的社会主义职业道德建设不能仅仅局限于道德的范畴，更应着眼于社会的发展与公平制度的建立。     

理解组织行为:一个行为经济学的视角

以行为经济学的理论为基础,经济学家在理性约束的条件下分析组织行为,形成一个新的经济学分支——行为组织经济学。现代行为组织经济学在西蒙、莱宾斯坦、卡尼曼和特维斯基等人的研究基础上,把有限理性具体化为多重动机、公平和互惠等社会偏好以及过度信心等认知偏差等问题,并构造了相关的模型和实验进行深入研究,取得了令人瞩目的成绩,这必将给今后的组织理论的发展带来革命性的影响。     

高速TCP拥塞控制算法的公平性改进

系统地研究了高速TCP拥塞控制算法,分析了高速TCP与普通TCP共存时的公平性。根据瓶颈链路的带宽利用率来动态调整高速TCP拥塞窗口的增加速度,将拥塞窗的增长细分为高速TCP模式和普通TCP模式,根据RTT的改变趋势,作为在两种模式间切换的依据。仿真实验证明该高速TCP拥塞控制算法能有效地改进高速TCP与普通TCP(以Reno TCP为例)共存时的公平性。     

英汉写作中的修辞偏好与文化差异

在对比修辞学框架内,从段落修辞模式与修辞风格两个方面,讨论分析英汉写作中的修辞偏好与文化差异,以期有助于写作教学方法的改进、提高学生的跨文化写作能力。     

Perceived Equity in the Gendered Division of Household Labor

Despite huge imbalances in the division of housework between women and men, previous studies have found perceptions of equity on the part of women to be much more frequent than feelings of injustice. Taking a comparative perspective on the basis of International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2002 data (N = 8,556), we find that, on the individual level, the explanatory frameworks that have been found to influence the actual inequality of household division of labor (time availability, resource dependence, and gender ideology) contribute to the explanation of perceptions of equity, in that they interact with the inequality of the household division of labor. On the country level, the gender‐wage ratio and the average level of inequality are important predictors.