Seeing the system: Systemic gender knowledge to support transformational change towards gender equality in science

Scholars agree that gender inequality is systemic and that participants in gender equality interventions need knowledge on gender inequality processes. However, a detailed view on the specific characteristics of this knowledge is as yet missing. This article aims to contribute to gender equality interventions by conceptualizing and visualizing systemic gender knowledge as an important condition for transformational change. Combining gender and participatory system dynamics literature, this article first introduces the concept of systemic gender knowledge. This concept captures two main characteristics that make gender knowledge systemic: knowledge on the interaction of gender inequality processes and endogenous thinking, here implying a focus on the organization as the relevant level of analysis. In addition to this conceptual contribution, the research contributes methodologically to the gender inequality intervention literature by designing a visualization process, translating written texts into system dynamics models which enable exploration of systemic gender knowledge. Finally, the research contributes empirically by exploring the systemic gender knowledge of participants in two science research institutes of a Dutch university, finding shifts in both characteristics of systemic gender knowledge. This enables researchers to discern whether gender equality interventions lead to increases in systemic gender knowledge, thus supporting transformational change.     

Socioeconomic status and the dynamics of preferences for income inequality in the United States, 1978–2016

Although considerable evidence indicates that public preferences for income inequality and redistribution vary across socioeconomic groups (i.e., occupation and income), much less is known about the temporal dynamics of these preferences. The purpose of this study is (a) to examine whether the attitudinal distance between managerial/professional workers and unskilled manual workers has changed (converged or diverged) over time and to (b) explore the reasons for and implications of the dynamics of preferences in the past several decades. Using data from the General Social Survey 1978–2016 (23 time‐points; N = 27,211), this study finds that the influence of occupational class has lost some of its significance in shaping public preferences for income inequality and that the declining effect of occupation can be explained in part by the attitudinal convergence between better‐ and less‐educated citizens. Findings suggest that proequality coalitions across educational boundaries play a remedial role in bridging the occupational divide over government redistribution in the United States.     

Environmental practices and firm performance in emerging markets: the mediating role of product quality

Environmental practices have not received as much research attention in emerging market contexts as traditional topics like quality. However, the importance of environmental practices for a firm’s production strategy has been increasing at an unprecedented level across the globe. Our research objective is, therefore, to investigate the interplay between environmental practices and quality in the pursuit of firm performance. Relying on 492 responses from Turkish manufacturers to test our hypotheses, we show that environmental practices directly improve the quality of products over and above the effect of quality management practices in emerging markets. Product quality, in turn, is important for increasing firm performance, acting as a mediator for the positive effects of environmental practices on performance. Thus, we reveal that product quality functions as an instrumental conduit between environmental practices and firm performance in emerging markets like Turkey where stakeholder pressures are weak, and regulations are often not properly enforced.     

The triggers of local and distant search: Relative magnitude and persistence in explaining acquisition relatedness

Research on problemistic search has assumed negative attainment discrepancy to be the trigger of both local and distant search. Extending this research, we present and compare two additional triggers: (1) relative attainment discrepancy, which reflects how much a firm's attainment discrepancy deviates from its past negative attainment discrepancies; and (2) persistent attainment discrepancy, which reflects how often the firm experiences below-aspirations performance. Our triggers for distant search model a behavioral explanation for the timing and relatedness of acquisitions. We find support for baseline arguments of problemistic search whereby firms increase both industry- and skill-related acquisitions when they perform below aspirations. When they persistently perform below aspirations, however, this likelihood is reduced and firms engage in acquisitions that are more unrelated, thereby providing support for the notion of expanding search boundaries from local to distant search. Of the two triggers of distant search proposed, relative attainment discrepancy does not induce firms to expand search boundaries. Our results indicate that persistent attainment discrepancy is a key construct to consider when studying the expansion of search boundaries.     

组织内派系形成的网络动态分析

本文以行动者的模拟模型考察公司中的雇员形成派系的过程。基于互惠原则与资源交换理论，模型展示了互助行为使人与人之间产生连带，逐渐形成在内部相互支持的群体，这种群体进一步排除他人的参与，并最终在组织中形成了派系。在考察影响派系形成的因素时，本文选取了与工作环境相关的两个变量以及表达组织气氛的一个变量。曲线图展示了本文的实验结果：接近或超过个人极限资源量的工作量和越不平均的工作量分配状况越有可能提高派系形成的速度和数量，并可能导致派系的不断分裂；而太小的工作量与过于均等的工作分配可使个体交往倾向减弱而处于相对孤立状态。
     

藏舞中膝关节发力特征及带来的舞蹈韵律探究

藏族舞蹈之所以能够用别具一格的舞蹈美感和舞蹈韵律给观众留下深刻的印象,是因为藏族舞蹈一个重要部位——下半身尤其是膝关节的舞蹈韵律和膝关节的发力,而膝关节在藏族舞蹈运用中的独特性在于舞蹈的发力点几乎全在膝关节处。藏族舞蹈风格特征的基础,也是藏族舞蹈动作不断发展变化的重要基因。     

基于系统论的行政区划规划研究——以海南省为例

依据系统规划论,对海南国际旅游岛战略规划中的行政区划的某些技术经济问题进行量化分析研究。通过系统分析海南国际旅游岛战略规划对海南经济社会的影响,重构海南行政区划系统,增设区域、区位中心城市琼中市和陵水市,扩充区域、区位中心城市人口容量,提升海南省城市化率水平。提出建设海南热带雨林生态旅游区设想,为加快海南国际旅游岛建设,促进经济欠发达的琼中、西部区域的旅游业发展指明了方向。     

势科学与现代教育

论述了从传统文化的造势说和现代科学的造势论的统一中造势的基本原理,给出了造势的理论模型:使差别最大的元素联系最紧密,由于这样的元素只能是对称性元素,而对称性元素构成“群”,从而揭示了“造势”必然“成群”的基本规律,在此基础上,探讨了人才成长和大学教育跨越式发展的路径选择。     

中国共产党探索中国现代化理论的动力

现代化是近代以来中国历史发展的主题,实现中国的现代化是中国共产党矢志不渝的奋斗目标。中国共产党把马克思主义现代化理论与中国的具体国情相结合,顺应中国现代化进程的发展和世界现代化浪潮的推进,形成了关于中国现代化的完整、系统的理论体系。该文试图对中国共产党探索中国现代化理论的动力进行多视角分析,以期对中国社会主义现代化建设提供历史依据和现实启迪。