Off the rivals’ radar in emerging market segments: Non-mutual rival recognition between new firms and incumbents

We examine the causes of non-mutual rival recognition—a situation in which new firms in emerging market segments recognize incumbents in pre-existing and potentially related market segments as rivals, but the incumbents do not recognize the new firms as rivals. Drawing upon the prototype theory, which makes use of cognitive representations or images in recognition processes, we argue that managers use rival prototypes in making sense of competitive environments. Specifically, we argue that non-mutual rival recognition occurs when new firms are not proximate to the incumbents' prototype of rivals because their organizational attributes, such as size and age, are highly distinct. It also occurs when it is difficult for incumbents, owing to their diversification into multiple product markets, or their strong identity as players in emerging market segments, to clearly assess new firms’ proximity to the prototype. Using the context of U.S. online retailers that went public between 1995 and 2001, we find support for our arguments.     

An exploration of the relationship between police presence,crime and firms in developing countries

Economic theory predicts that a rise in police presence will reduce criminal activity. However several studies in this field have found mixed results. This study adds to the literature by exploring the relationship between the size of the police force and crime experienced by firms. Using survey data for about 12,000 firms in a cross‐section of 27 developing countries it is found that increasing the size of the police force is negatively associated with crime experienced by firms. Results are confirmed using a panel of firms for a subset of countries for which data are available. It is also found that this negative relationship is stronger under certain macroeconomic circumstances.     

Economic and Environmental Assessment of Remanufacturing Strategies for Product + Service Firms

This article provides a data‐driven assessment of economic and environmental aspects of remanufacturing for product + service firms. A critical component of such an assessment is the issue of demand cannibalization. We therefore present an analytical model and a behavioral study which together incorporate demand cannibalization from multiple customer segments across the firm's product line. We then perform a series of numerical simulations with realistic problem parameters obtained from both the literature and discussions with industry executives. Our findings show that remanufacturing frequently aligns firms' economic and environmental goals by increasing profits and decreasing the total environmental impact. We show that in some cases, an introduction of a remanufactured product leads to no changes in the new products' prices (positioning within the product line), implying a positive demand cannibalization and a decrease in the environmental impact; this provides support for a heuristic approach commonly used in practice. Yet in other cases, the firm can increase profits by decreasing the new product's prices and increasing sales—a negative effective cannibalization. With negative cannibalization the firm's total environmental impact often increases due to the growth in new production. However, we illustrate that this growth is nearly always sustainable, as the relative environmental impacts per unit and per dollar rarely increase.     

无形资本VS有形资本:创意产业新企业生存能力的影响因素分析

通过分析金融资本、关系资本和先前经验这三类重要的创业资源对创意产业新企业生存能力的影响,比较了无形资本与有形资本对新企业生存能力影响程度的大小。结果表明,创业者拥有的有形资本对创意产业新企业的生存更加重要,尤其是在新企业成立的初期,避免新企业创立初期现金流局限可能造成的关键员工信心丧失和人员流失,才能保证附着于其上的关系资本和先前经验等无形资本发挥重要作用。     

上市公司高管薪酬对上市公司业绩的影响研究——基于重庆地区的上市公司数据

将高管薪酬与公司绩效相联系,寻求二者之间的相关关系及相关程度的实证研究,是西方企业管理科研过程中解决委托一代理问题的一种普遍做法。国内的实证研究通过对国内上市公司披露数据的分析,研究职业经理人与企业绩效之间的相关关系,但是各方在研究过程中统计数据的口径存在差异。通过建模的方法,对重庆地区上市公司的数据进行分析,揭示了重庆地区上市公司经理人员薪酬与公司业绩的相关关系和相关程度。     

论四大会计师事务所的审计质量--来自中国证券市场的初步证据

该文以深沪股市2002~2004年公开披露的3544个年报为研究样本,使用审计意见和修正的截面琼斯模型估计出的可控应计利润作为审计质量的衡量指标,对国际四大会计师事务所在中国的审计市场是否具有较高的审计质量进行了实证分析,发现审计意见与四大会计师事务所并不在统计水平上显著正相关,盈余管理与四大会计师事务所并不在统计水平上显著负相关,说明四大会计师事务所与非四大会计师事务所相比在中国审计市场的审计质量没有显著差异。     

基于人力资本特征的高技术企业公司治理结构的设计

高技术企业与一般企业的公司治理结构存在着较大的差别,这种差别主要源于高技术企业中人力资本的特殊性,以及人力资本在高技术企业公司治理中的权力竞争力。大多数高技术企业在快速增长的同时并没有建立符合现代企业制度的公司治理结构,这极大地阻碍了企业的生存与持续发展。该研究从人力资本的角度出发,根据高技术企业不同生命周期人力资本的特点,分析人力资本对企业治理结构的影响,并根据高技术企业成熟期的两个阶段特征,具体探讨其治理结构的设计。     

创业成功关键因素与创业绩效指标研究

对五家典型创业型企业的创业者(或总经理)访谈案例的分析表明:关于创业成功,可有核心技术、团队结构和战略定位三大关键因素;通过对关键事件的分析,可有财务、顾客、内部经营和员工四个层面的创业绩效评价指标。     

企业并购绩效研究现状分析

在我国这样一个新兴的资本市场 ,关于企业并购绩效存在很多的争论。要更加重视我国上市公司并购进行绩效研究的意义 ,界定并购和其他相关概念 ,明确并购绩效研究的范畴、类别和层次。目前 ,国内外学术界对并购绩效研究方法主要是超额收益率法和财务数据法 ,因为数据、方法和评价指标的不同 ,很多学者从不同的方面提出很多的观点。我国企业并购绩效研究存在很多问题 ,应明确研究发展的方向 ,提高我国的企业并购绩效的研究水平。     

经济政策不确定性与公司社会责任信息披露

基于2008—2017年我国A股上市公司样本和中国经济政策不确定性指数,考察了经济政策不确定性对公司社会责任信息披露的影响。研究表明,当经济政策不确定性上升时,公司自愿发布社会责任报告的积极性显著增加,社会责任信息披露质量也显著提高。进一步研究发现,公司销售存在中介效应,经济政策不确定性减少了公司销售业绩,促使公司自愿发布社会责任报告的意愿提高,社会责任信息披露质量提升;而分析师关注存在掩饰效应,经济政策不确定性削弱了分析师关注,导致公司自愿发布社会责任报告的意愿减少,社会责任信息披露质量降低。此外,在产权性质、市场制度环境不同的公司中,经济政策不确定性与公司社会责任信息披露的关系存在异质性。经济政策不确定性并非公司提高社会责任信息披露的内在驱动因素,该信息披露决策只是公司在销售业绩下滑时的相机决策。因此,监管部门制定可以从本质上促进上市公司社会责任信息披露的政策才是长久之计。