Testing the Goodness of Fit of Parametric Regression Models with Random Toeplitz Forms

ABSTRACT: We introduce a class of Toeplitz‐band matrices for simple goodness of fit tests for parametric regression models. For a given length r of the band matrix the asymptotic optimal solution is derived. Asymptotic normality of the corresponding test statistic is established under a fixed and random design assumption as well as for linear and non‐linear models, respectively. This allows testing at any parametric assumption as well as the computation of confidence intervals for a quadratic measure of discrepancy between the parametric model and the true signal g;. Furthermore, the connection between testing the parametric goodness of fit and estimating the error variance is highlighted. As a by‐product we obtain a much simpler proof of a result of 34 ) concerning the optimality of an estimator for the variance. Our results unify and generalize recent results by 9 ) and 15 , 16 ) in several directions. Extensions to multivariate predictors and unbounded signals are discussed. A simulation study shows that a simple jacknife correction of the proposed test statistics leads to reasonable finite sample approximations.     

Maternal Emotional Styles and Child Social Adjustment: Assessment, Correlates, Outcomes and Goodness of Fit in Early Childhood

The goals of the present research were to develop a modified version of an existing self‐assessment questionnaire designed to measure parents’ emotional style and to examine how the aspects of child regulation may moderate the relation between the emotional styles and social outcomes in childhood. Participants in Study 1 were 140 mothers and children (73 males, 67 females, M_age=56.0 months). The mothers completed the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ) to assess maternal emotional styles, and the Child Behavior Vignettes to assess parental goals across two scenarios. Participants in Study 2 were 50 mothers who were interviewed regarding their emotional styles using the Meta‐emotion Interview, and who also completed the MESQ. In Study 3, 100 mothers and children (41 males, 59 females, M=58.0 months) participated. The mothers completed the MESQ and the Child Behavior Questionnaire to assess the children's emotion and behavior regulation. Teachers completed the Child Behavior Scale to measure the indices of preschool adjustment. Results from Studies 1 and 2 indicated a two‐factor scale for the MESQ, with good psychometric properties (including stability, convergent validity, and construct validity). Results from Study 3 indicated different patterns of associations between maternal emotional styles, and child adjustment for well‐regulated versus dysregulated children.     

Organizational-level interventions to reduce occupational stressors

Occupational stress research continues to grow, and is increasingly being used to inform national policy on worker health and well-being. Most models of occupational stress emphasize notions of person-environment fit. Two approaches for intervention to minimize adverse consequences of occupational stress follow from such models. One emphasizes the strengthening and enhancement of indwiduals and their resources, the other emphasizes the reduction ofcommon workplace-based sources ofoccupational stress. This paper reviews 10 organizational-level interventions to reduce stress at work which have been examined in various field studies. These interventions were generally found to have positive effects, and, given the limited success of individual-level interventions in addressing occupational sources of stress, should be encouraged.     

A unified approach to estimating parameters in some generalized poission distributions

A family of distributions labelled as Poisson v Katz is formulated, which includes, as particular or limiting cases, the Negative Binomial, Neyman Type A, Poisson v Pascal, and Poisson v Binomial. Thus, while analyzing data, estimating the parameters in the Poisson v Katz family obviates the necessity of having to choose from among the particular or limiting cases. In this article minimum chi-square estimators are presented and their asymptotic relative efficiency obtained. An example is presented to illustrate the procedure     

创新服务平台的角色契合及评价体系研究

创新平台可从角色和效果两个不同的角度给予评价。采用面向效果和面向角色的两类不同评价标的,建立兼顾不同标的要求的评价体系,有助于对创新平台运行状况给出公正评价,有利于提升各类行为主体的角色契合水平。     

让农村籍员工自愿留在企业中:内部营销作用于留任意愿的机理研究

通过理清内部营销作用于留任意愿的机理, 找出让农村籍员工自愿留在企业中的途径。收集701份针对农村籍员工的有效问卷调查数据, 采用SPSS 21与LISREL 8.70进行统计分析。研究结果表明:内部营销对留任意愿有显著的正向影响, 组织认同在其中起到部分中介的作用。个体-组织匹配程度的不同还会严重影响到内部营销对留任意愿作用的强度以及员工“是走是留”。     

自我效能感与工作资源匹配模型的实证研究——对工作要求—资源模型的扩展

工作要求—资源模型的缓压效应受到组织与学者的关注,文章就该模型以压力主体无差异性为前提下实证结果的不一致性,引入个体能力信念变量——自我效能感,从个体与环境匹配的角度,提出自我效能感与工作资源的匹配,扩展工作要求—资源模型。问卷分析结果显示,自我效能感与工作资源对工作要求与工作压力关系的联合调节效应显著,进而得出以下结论:高自我效能感员工有能力且有意愿利用丰富的工作资源积极应对压力刺激;低自我效能感员工对自身能力缺乏信心且态度消极,在低工作资源情境即组织对工作资源代为控制下,更能有效缓解压力刺激。     

农民工定居决策的影响因素分析——以南京市为例

调查发现,农民工定居城市意愿并不十分强烈,反映出定居决策影响因素的多样性和层次性。农民工定居决策主要受务工收入影响,但也受制于社会的、文化的、心理的和个人特征因素。     

A note on testing the regression functions via nonparametric smoothing

The authors present a consistent lack‐of‐fit test in nonlinear regression models. The proposed procedure possesses some nice properties of Zheng's test such as the consistency, the ability to detect any local alternatives approaching the null at rates slower than the parametric rate. What's more, for a predetermined kernel function, the proposed test is more powerful than Zheng's test and the validity of these findings is confirmed by the simulation studies and a real data example. In addition, the authors find out a close connection between the choices of normal kernel functions and the bandwidths. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 108–125; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada     

Semiparametric Likelihood Based Method for Goodness of Fit Tests and Estimation in Upgraded Mixture Models

We use Owen's (1988, 1990) empirical likelihood method in upgraded mixture models. Two groups of independent observations are available. One is z ₁, ..., z _n which is observed directly from a distribution F ( z ). The other one is x ₁, ..., x _m which is observed indirectly from F ( z ), where the x _i s have density ∫ p ( x | z ) dF ( z ) and p ( x | z ) is a conditional density function. We are interested in testing H ₀: p ( x | z ) = p ( x | z ; θ ), for some specified smooth density function. A semiparametric likelihood ratio based statistic is proposed and it is shown that it converges to a chi-squared distribution. This is a simple method for doing goodness of fit tests, especially when x is a discrete variable with finitely many values. In addition, we discuss estimation of θ and F ( z ) when H ₀ is true. The connection between upgraded mixture models and general estimating equations is pointed out.