The effects of wage flexibility on activity and employment in Spain

In this paper we estimate the macroeconomic effects of the greater wage and firms’ internal flexibility promoted by the economic policies implemented since 2012, which changed markedly Spanish labour regulations. To do so, we propose a structural VAR that allows us to break down changes in main macroeconomic variables into different structural shocks. From a policy perspective, the estimation of the structural shocks allows us to simulate a counterfactual scenario, whereby we conclude that the effects of less rigid labour market are positive and significant. Our results suggest that, if these policies were implemented at the beginning of the crisis, they could have avoided a significant part of the falls in GDP and employment.     

Linking product modularity to supply chain integration and flexibility

Abstract

This study builds a moderated mediation model to empirically investigate the impacts of product modularity and supply chain integration (i.e. supplier, customer, and internal integration) on the flexibility and moderating effects of the product life cycle (i.e. growth and maturity stages) on the relationships using data collected from 204 Chinese manufacturers. The findings reveal that both supplier integration and internal integration mediate the relationship between product modularity and flexibility. Moreover, the indirect effect of product modularity on flexibility through supplier integration is stronger during the growth stage than during the maturity stage. There is no difference in the indirect effect of product modularity on flexibility through internal integration, which is significant in both the growth and maturity stages. In addition, the impact of product modularity on customer integration is significantly stronger, whereas that of customer integration on flexibility is significantly weaker during the growth stage than during the maturity stage.     

复杂性与组织管理

知识经济时代，组织被复杂性环境与不确定性因素包围，这就要求改变传统的机械式的组织结构，建立一种能够与环境动态适应的有机型组织。在复杂多变的组织环境中，不存在固定的管理模式，一切都应随着情景的变化，选择与具体情景相适应的权变管理模式和重视组织文化建设的柔性管理模式。     

Role of flexibility in supply chain design and modeling—Introduction to the special issue

In this introductory note, we describe the motivation behind this special issue on supply chain design and modeling. We begin by noting the potential opportunities offered by flexibility of a system in enhancing its functionalities and capabilities. After defining the nature of flexibility, we briefly describe flexibility in a supply chain, pertinent issues, and potential tools and techniques utilized for designing and modeling flexibility in it. We close out with a brief review of the articles in this issue and their relevance to the interests of decision makers.     

地下室防水设计与施工技术

结合实际工程，介绍地下室防水设计与施工技术，并对其设计与施工技术进行分析．     

河南省入境旅游市场发展规律与趋势分析

以河南省为例,运用定量分析方法,从数量规模、聚集态、价格需求弹性等方面探讨省域入境旅游市场需求发展规律,得出河南入境旅游市场发展速度相对缓慢,旅游价格富于弹性等规律。运用回归预测模型,根据河南省1990年到2002年共13年的数据进行历史趋势外推,发现河南省入境旅游市场今后10年的市场规模发展速度仍然处于全国低谷区,而入境旅游消费能力发展态势相对较好。     

高校德育工作“八化”

德育是学校教育的重要组成部分。搞好高校德育工作 ,须做到“八化” ,即 ,强化德育观念、细化德育目标、精化德育内容、活化德育形式、优化德育队伍、美化德育环境、量化德育考核、硬化德育制度     

Use and Usability of Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly: An Observation Study in Gothenburg Sweden

To meet the demographic development, measures were initiated by the Swedish government entailing changed conditions for municipal eldercare, such as assisted living. Participant observation is used to study the daily use of common spaces in 14 assisted living units in Gothenburg. The results show examples where the current use diverges from the intended use and suggest diverging objectives and conflicts of use. The observations indicate that the degree of usability is determined by the physical environment itself in some cases, by the users and by changes in use in other cases, and by a combination of both in some cases.     

More but not better jobs in Chile? The fundamental importance of open‐ended contracts

Chilean governments since 1990 have relied on economic growth to generate employment, higher wages and better conditions of employment. But the results of this policy have been mixed: quantitative improvements in employment and wages have not been matched by improvements in job quality. Contrasting Chile's seemingly rigid regulatory framework with its actual labour market flexibility, the authors stress the importance of employment conditions in assessing labour market performance. They empirically explore the effects of individual and job characteristics on employment and income‐generating capabilities, whose most powerful determinant, they find, is employment under an open‐ended contract. They conclude with a discussion of policy implications.     

当前中国农村改革进程的基本判断与前瞻

中共十六大以来,中国农村改革发展的一条主线是“多予、少取、放活”。目前,农村税费改革已取得了阶段性进展,国民收入分配结构和财政支出结构正向农村地区倾斜,“三农”问题初步得到缓解,中国在总体上进入“后农业税时代”和“工业反哺农业,城市支持农村”的新的发展阶段。今后中国深化农村改革的重点、难点是,逐步消除城乡二元体制对经济社会协调发展所造成的瓶颈制约,从根本上解决“三农”问题的深层次矛盾和体制性障碍;其最大的突破口是加快推进农村综合配套改革,进一步搞好“放活”,充分发挥农民的市场主体地位和作用,激发农民自我发展和自我积累的巨大潜能,不断提高和增强农业及农村经济发展的内在活力。