农村地区建立循环经济模式的研究

随着全球化的不断深入,改变我国传统农业经营模式已显得非常紧迫。通过对农业循环经济的背景、概念、特征和制约因素等的分析,得出农村地区发展农业循环经济模式非常必要的结论,并指出了具体的解决途径。     

A relation for the covariances of order statistics from n independent and non-identically distributed random variables

We derive a simple relation satisfied by the covariances of order statistics in the i.i.d. case and then generalize it to the case when the variables are independent and non-identically distributed. This relation could be employed successfully either to check the calculations or to reduce the amount of direct computations involved in evaluating the covariances of order statistics from an outlier model.     

Intra-industry diversification effects under firm-specific contingencies on the demand side

How do firm-specific, demand-related factors influence the relationship between intra-industry diversification (IID) and performance? Recent findings regarding the performance effects of IID depict a complex picture with curvilinear relationships and several contingencies. However, firm-specific contingencies on the demand side have remained unexplored. We analyze how IID relates to firm performance (market share) in the German automotive industry using panel data between 1999 and 2008. We specifically focus on a firm's high-quality brand image as a demand-side contingency. We find support for our hypotheses of complex curvilinear relationships as well as for moderating effects of brand quality. Our results have significant theoretical implications for the IID literature.     

More (new) products,more problems? A systems perspective on increased capability deployment and organizational errors

The capabilities-based view postulates that organizational capabilities are a key driver of competitive advantage. However, while increasing the pace of deploying organizational capabilities, such as new product development (NPD), may enable alignment with changing environments, it may also have unintended consequences. In this study, we advance theory on these unintended consequences by investigating how the increased deployment of NPD capability leads to organizational errors. Borrowing from organizational research employing systems theory, we argue that an increase in NPD deployment may increase the likelihood of routine discoordination and, thus, the incidence of intra-firm and interfirm errors. However, we also proffer that firms can mitigate errors from increases in NPD capability deployment by engaging in distinct internal and external activities that enable the accumulation of knowledge on how to coordinate systemic change. We distinguish between internal and external errors, demonstrating that in the context of increased NPD deployments, internal voluntary investigations ameliorate internal manufacturing errors, while supplier alliances mitigate outsourced component errors. We find support for our predictions using data from new product introductions and recalls in the U.S. automotive industry. This study sheds light on the tension inherent to accelerating the deployment of patterned organizational activities and suggests that the outcomes of deploying an organizational capability are best viewed holistically within the milieu of organizational systems the capability spans.     

基于交通量风险的PPP交通项目再融资产品设计

交通PPP项目的投资大、风险高。政府作为发起方,需要为项目提供担保以吸引社会资本方的参与,但过度依赖政府担保意味着：一旦发生数额较大的债务违约将会给财政造成巨大的负担,因此有必要谋求适宜的市场化融资渠道。为了协调PPP项目相关者的利益,本文在项目收益债的基础上嵌入了与项目未来收益挂钩的或有条款,并运用结构化方法中的Merton模型在风险中性情景下对融资产品进行了定价。最后,以某PPP交通项目为例,进行了具体的融资产品设计,计算了相应的产品价格和风险价差,并对某些关键条款进行了敏感性分析,结果表明该产品能够在有效减轻政府担保的基础上降低融资成本。     

在线评论的行为影响与价值应用研究综述

随着社交网络的发展,大量用户生成的在线评论影响着消费者的行为,同时被应用于企业的经营管理活动,引起市场营销、信息系统、产品开发等领域学者们的广泛关注,取得很大的研究进展。但是在线评论的研究范围广泛,目前并没有系统性的概念框架,缺乏对在线评论的全局认识。因此,本文尝试从行为影响和价值应用两个层面对在线评论研究文献进行全面总结,并结合当前的技术发展和市场环境,探讨在线评论研究的未来趋势。     

多主体参与的绿色技术创新系统均衡及稳定性

构建由政府、企业和消费者组成的绿色技术创新系统演化博弈模型,分析了不同情形下参与主体策略选择对系统均衡策略影响的演化过程,并借助系统动力学实验方法进行了实验模拟论证。研究发现：（1）在绿色技术创新演化博弈系统所有可能的均衡策略中,只存在三个稳定的均衡策略,其中,绿色产品消费的经济收益和绿色技术创新品牌收益是驱动博弈系统向不同稳定均衡策略演进的重要动力。（2）企业绿色技术创新品牌收益和消费者绿色产品消费的经济收益是影响博弈演化系统最终向不同稳定均衡策略演进的主要因素。（3）在均衡状态（1,1,1）和均衡状态（1,0,0）下,通过促进消费者采取购买绿色产品策略对绿色技术创新系统的影响更为显著;在均衡状态（1,1,0）下,促进消费者采取购买绿色产品策略对绿色技术创新系统的影响更为显著,而提高市场规制强度和企业绿色技术创新意愿的影响效果较为微弱。     

基于产品新鲜度要求的保鲜成本投资与数量集配策略联合决策研究

文章以提供生鲜产品运输配送服务的物流企业为研究对象,考虑生鲜产品质量腐蚀特性,应用随机更新理论建立基于下游零售商产品新鲜度水平要求的保鲜投资与物流集配联合决策随机模型。模型分析指出单位时间的运输成本、集配惩罚成本与保鲜投入成本随保鲜投资决策与物流集配决策变化的内在规律。数值分析指出保鲜投资、物流集配及其联合决策的有效性和产品、成本、需求环境等参数与这些环境参数同时变化对保鲜投资决策、集配决策与企业运营成本的影响。     

产品类型差异下的消费者渠道偏好异质性 ———基于调节定向理论∗

产品类别是消费者行为研究的重要变量,消费者渠道偏好往往因为产品类别的不同而迥异。 消费者购买不同类型产品时的渠道偏好有何不同? 基于调节定向理论,引入产品实用享乐性与风险性,探 究消费者购买不同类型产品时的消费者渠道偏好差异。 围绕产品的实用享乐性、风险性与消费者渠道偏好 的调节定向匹配提出了 4 个假设,运用实验法采集数据,通过对样本数据的多项 Logistic 分析,对假设进行 了检验,并提出企业顾客管理建议,以期为企业根据产品类型区别建设渠道提供决策支持。     

农业企业外包决策影响因素分析及政策启示——以中国农业上市公司为例

外包有利于企业整合生产要素,增强核心力量,实现价值链增值。基于45家农业上市公司2016—2020年的数据,测度了 农业企业外包水平,并实证分析影响其外包决策的因素。结果表明：农业企业的外包水平在样本期整体呈下降趋势,且农业 细分行业的外包程度存在差异,畜牧业类企业的外包水平明显高于林业和渔业类企业。整体上看,外包具有政策延续性,本期 外包程度受到上一期外包水平的影响;市场规模越大,业务外包比例也更高;而交易费用显著抑制了农业企业外包决策。据 此,提出要选择适当的分工组织形式、建立信息流畅的交易平台和营造公平诚信的外包环境等政策建议,为农业企业业务外包 营造良好商业氛围,充分发挥农业外包在带动农业、农村经济发展中的作用。