小额信贷可持续发展面临的问题及对策分析

小额信贷引入我国已有近二十年了,对我国的扶贫攻坚计划起了重要的作用,但随着经济形势的变化,小额信贷面临一些新的问题。本文从小额信贷的产品设计、目标群体的定位、财务可持续以及面临的风险等四个方面出发,分析了其面临的可持续问题,并在此基础上提出了相关对策。     

弱势群体公法保护视野下的社会帮扶问题

弱势群体保护问题是当今社会,尤其是公法学界所面临的严峻课题。为了有效应对这一问题,应采用比较研究、实证研究、文献研究的方法,在继续完善传统公法意义上的相关保障性制度的基础上,积极构建弱势群体的社会帮扶制度。弱势群体的社会帮扶制度一方面以服务行政理论为理论依据,要求弱势群体保护由当下的“政治负责”向“社会负责”过渡;另一方面,社会帮扶制度又以公共服务理论为理论支撑,要求政府由高权强制型向怀柔服务型转变。在实践中,弱势群体的社会帮扶制度应遵循政府与社会“两条腿走路”的基本逻辑,而该制度的构建应秉承若干基本思路：破除观念束缚,培育和构建公民社会;丰富社会主体形式,弥补行政保障不足;完善其他社会帮扶途径。     

Legislative responses to wrongful conviction: Do partisan principals and advocacy efforts influence state-level criminal justice policy?

The number of discovered wrongful criminal convictions (and resulting exonerations) has increased over the past decade. These cases erode public confidence in the criminal justice system and trust in the rule of law. Many states have adopted laws that aim to reduce system errors but no study has examined why some states appear more willing to provide due process protections against wrongful convictions than others. Findings from regression estimates suggest that states with a Republican controlled legislature or more Republican voters are less likely to pass these laws while the presence of advocacy organizations that are part of the ‘innocence movement’ make legislative change more likely. We thus identify important differences in the political and social context between U.S. states that influence the adoption of criminal justice policies.     

The Organizational Connection: Social Capital and the Career Expansion of Directors of Business Groups in Israel

This article studies which directors of the largest corporations forming part of the Israeli business groups accumulated directorships within the groups between the years 1974 and 1988. A comparison is made between directors within business groups who accumulate directorships and those who do not, and in addition, the research focuses on directors who joined additional boards, questioning who gets ahead in terms of three components of social capital: organizational positions, elite positions, and social networks. The study uses logistic regression to discern which variables increase the likelihood of being invited onto an additional board within the business groups and the likelihood of getting ahead. The findings strongly support the hypothesis that the organizational position of directors, more than their elite position ties and social networks, is the most significant determinant of who will join additional boards and who will get ahead. The article is concluded with a discussion of several factors contributing to relative impact of organizational positions.     

利用英语阅读方法 提高阅读理解能力

本文简略分析了阅读与听、说、写、译的相互关系及中外文化背景的不同所引起的阅读困难,并就怎样处理好听、说、读、写、译的关系,克服阅读中的障碍,尤其是在阅读理论的指导下,结合教学工作经验,提供了八种行之有效的阅读方法,以提高学生的阅读理解能力.     

中国少数民族新创文字的语言规划及其实践

20世纪50年代以来,中国共产党和中国政府先后帮助10个民族创制了14种拼音文字。考察半个世纪以来中国少数民族新创文字语言规划的实践,对新中国的少数民族语言规划和民族语文教育,对世界上其他国家和地区有语言无文字的民族创制和推行新文字,都具有重要的参考价值。     

影响女大学生成长的若干社会因素分析

近年来,高等教育机构中女大学生所占的比例日益增长．这要求我们对女大学生成长的特殊性及其影响因素进行更为深入的分析。基于第三期妇女社会地位调查的相关数据研究发现：我国现阶段高校教师群体的社会性别意识水平发展不均,存在着对女性能力持负面评价的现象：女大学生在参与同龄群体活动的方式上与男性存在差别;来自低收入家庭的女大学生仍然面临着向上流动的障碍。对此。建议高等教育机构对教师群体展开有针对性的性别平等培训,反思甚至重建高等教育的学习模式和氛围．并对来自低收入家庭的女大学生提供更多的社会关注和支持。     

Alcohol and the Elderly:

This paper provides an overview of what is currently known about elderly alcohol use and abuse. It identifies areas of social work practice that need to be improved to meet the needs of elderly problem drinkers, and makes recommendations regarding identification, treatment, and coordination of services for this population.     

Use of concurrent mixed methods combining concept mapping and focus groups to adapt a health equity tool in Canada

The aim of this project was to identify and prioritize a set of conditions to be considered for incorporating a health equity tool into public health practice. Concept mapping and focus groups were implemented as complementary methods to investigate the conditions of use of a health equity tool by public health organizations in Quebec. Using a hybrid integrated research design is a richer way to address the complexity of questions emerging from intervention and planning settings. This approach provides a deeper, operational, and contextualized understanding of research results involving different professional and organizational cultures, and thereby supports the decision-making process. Concept mapping served to identify and prioritize in a limited timeframe the conditions to be considered for incorporation into a health equity tool into public health practices. Focus groups then provided a more refined understanding of the barriers, issues, and facilitating factors surrounding the tools adoption, helped distinguish among participants’ perspectives based on functional roles and organizational contexts, and clarified some apparently contradictory results from the concept map. The combined use of these two techniques brought the strengths of each approach to bear, thereby overcoming some of the respective limitations of concept mapping and focus groups. This design is appropriate for investigating targets with multiple levels of complexity.     

科学发展观指导下的民族地区经济法制建设研究

改革开放以来,民族地区的经济发展与沿海城市、内地城市的差距越来越大,面临着人与自然如何协调发展、如何进行可持续发展等问题。科学发展观作为中国共产党人集体智慧的结晶,是指导我国经济发展的科学战略,对于我国民族地区经济法制建设具有重要的指导作用。