Latent classes and group membership

A technique for analyzing group membership data, such as interlocking directorates, based on the assumption of latent classes of individuals, is described and illustrated with two data sets. The technique partitions individuals and/or groups into homogeneous sets and can be used to create measures of structural centrality for groups and for individuals.     

"四方"研究百年

百年(1900-1999)来学者们对"四方"(东、西、南、北)字源、词义、彼此组合构词的方式、语法功能都有所研究,只是当前要进一步拓展"四方"研究的视野,尤其是"四方"词义虚化的原因和途径、"四方"的句法功能、方言、少数民族语言、外族语言中"四方"表达方式的研究更需要加强,这些研究的加强将推动语言类型学和语言哲学的研究.     

南岛语民族的起源及其与中国南方民族的历史关系

本文对今天分布在东南亚海岛地区的南岛语民族的起源及其与中国南方民族的历史关系进行了探讨,认为南岛语民族先民的主体来自中国南方,与中国古籍中记载的分布在东南沿海的百越民族和分布在云南的土著民族的先民有着共同的渊源关系。今天的南岛语民族主要是由从中国云南乃至西南地区先后迁徙出去的"原始马来人"和从中国东南和华南沿海地区迁徙出去的"续至马来人",与当时分布在东南亚各地的黑色人种进一步融合后形成的。     

Conceptual Framework of Coalitions in an Organizational Context

Summary

Organizations are forming coalitions in their struggle to survive with fewer resources. Under the “Contract With America,” funds for human services are expected to be increasingly cut back. Organizational actors will continue to coalesce because of their compelling interests to serve disadvantaged populations in our communities. This article uses the political-economy perspective in presenting a conceptual framework of coalitions in organizational settings. We need access to various perspectives and models of coalition building in order to provide direction for organizational groups as they attempt to change the sociopolitical structures in which they must operate.     

论对我国弱势群体权利保护的法理思考

弱势群体从法律意义上讲是指在社会转型时期，因社会制度安排等非个人因素而导致的在生存、就业或合法权益保障方面处于弱势地位，需要由国家通过法定形式予以救济的人群共同体。弱势群体“弱势”的实质是权利弱势。弱势群体权利保护的法律理念应为：公平、正义、秩序和发展权。     

唐代城市群发展过程中的经济因素

唐代基本农区经济的繁荣为城市群的形成和发展提供了坚实后盾和有利条件,使得唐城市群由中心向四周迅速扩散,南方经济的崛起带动了江南城市数量的大幅上升、城市地位的显著提高。值得注意的是,由于受到中国封建政治因素的重重重压,经济纽带因素在唐代城市群发展过程中举步维艰,但客观上其作用却日益凸现,并不以人的意志为转移。     

Mediation and Minority Members of Academe

Focus groups are used to gather information from minorities in a university setting. Minority members of three campus groups (students, staff, and faculty) identified issues that could lead to relational conflicts. Alternative methods of dispute resolution are discussed in terms of their suitability and viability for use by minorities in academe. Mediation is presented as the preferred process for conflict resolution on an increasing number of college and university campuses. Mediation as a form of sociological practice in academia is a wide-open field of opportunity.     

Challenging passive partnerships with parents and children in the core group forum: a framework for a proactive approach

This paper looks at two concepts central to effective child protection practice: partnerships and the core group system, which need to work together if we are to improve the worrying, ad hoc approaches to child protection work once a child's name has been added to the child protection register. These concepts emerged at around the same point in time, but little has been written about the core group, even though it has been given the key tasks of formulating, implementing and reviewing the child protection plan, and forging effective working partnerships with other professionals, parents/carers and their children ( Calder 1991, 1995 b; Calder & Horwath 1999 ). Whilst the concept of partnership has received considerable media and publishing attention, no previous paper has explored partnerships with families within the core group phase. This reflects the low priority currently afforded to activity following the initial child protection conference, and arguably sets the core group up to fail, even before it has started ( Calder 1996a, 1998 ). The authors draw on their national research into core group practice to explore the notion of partnerships between the core group and parents, carers and children, concluding with some recommendations on how Area Child Protection Committees can create the environment in which we can move from passive to proactive partnerships within a higher profile for this stage and focus of the work. The authors draw on some suggestions from Messages from Research ( Department of Health 1995a ) and from several small-scale research studies into core group practice.     

Insecurity related to working life by age groups in Finland and Estonia in the 1990s

This article compares the reasons for insecurity related to working life in different age groups in Finland and Estonia, and the coping strategies evident in the two countries. Insecurity related to working life is more common in Finland than in Estonia. The differences between the two countries are more distinct with respect to experienced work-related insecurity than to an experienced lack of well-being linked to work. This shows that feelings of insecurity are affected not only by external factors, but also by internal factors linked to a person's earlier development. The most common causes of insecurity for people of working age are unemployment, mental strain and difficulties in interpersonal relationships at the work place. The individual's willingness to find means of coping at work is more clearly evident in Estonia than in Finland. People of working age in Finland are more likely to attempt to change the external conditions of work than are their Estonian counterparts.