絮凝床在茂名热电厂含油污水处理系统中的应用

絮凝床是中山大学开发的一种新型水处理设备．这种水处理技术在我省已用于包括含动、植物油类的污水处理工程中，１９９６年我院首次把这种设备用于茂名热电厂合油（矿物油）污水处理，工程建成投产以来取得了令人满意的效果。     

NIMBY, CLAMP, and the Location of New Nuclear-Related Facilities: U.S. National and 11 Site-Specific Surveys

Public and political opposition have made finding locations for new nuclear power plants, waste management, and nuclear research and development facilities a challenge for the U.S. government and the nuclear industry. U.S. government-owned properties that already have nuclear-related activities and commercial nuclear power generating stations are logical locations. Several studies and utility applications to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission suggest that concentrating locations at major plants (CLAMP) has become an implicit siting policy. We surveyed 2,101 people who lived within 50 miles of 11 existing major nuclear sites and 600 who lived elsewhere in the United States. Thirty-four percent favored CLAMP for new nuclear power plants, 52% for waste management facilities, and 50% for new nuclear laboratories. College educated, relatively affluent male whites were the strongest CLAMP supporters. They disproportionately trusted those responsible for the facilities and were not worried about existing nuclear facilities or other local environmental issues. Notably, they were concerned about continuing coal use. Not surprisingly, CLAMP proponents tended to be familiar with their existing local nuclear site. In short, likely CLAMP sites have a large and politically powerful core group to support a CLAMP policy. The challenge to proponents of nuclear technologies will be to sustain this support and expand the base among those who clearly are less connected and receptive to new nearby sites.     

Identification of Nonseparable Models Using Instruments With Small Support

I consider nonparametric identification of nonseparable instrumental variables models with continuous endogenous variables. If both the outcome and first stage equations are strictly increasing in a scalar unobservable, then many kinds of continuous, discrete, and even binary instruments can be used to point‐identify the levels of the outcome equation. This contrasts sharply with related work by Imbens and Newey, 2009 that requires continuous instruments with large support. One implication is that assumptions about the dimension of heterogeneity can provide nonparametric point‐identification of the distribution of treatment response for a continuous treatment in a randomized controlled experiment with partial compliance.     

创业板公司风险投资对财务治理效率影响研究

风险投资在投资目的、方式、收回等方面与传统投资有很大区别,研究此投资框架下各项财务治理行为对企业财务治理效率的影响,能够有针对性地指导企业完善治理措施,提高治理效率。创业板是我国风险投资参与面最广的上市公司板块,以创业板2009—2013年期间IPO上市公司为研究对象,采用实证研究方法,分析风险投资对上市公司财务治理效率的作用及其形式。结果显示,风投方持股比例越高,参与时间越长,在董事会、监事会高管中拥有席位越多,财务治理效率就越高,但创业板中的联合投资存在“搭便车”现象。上市公司应努力完善并调整企业相关制度和治理结构,风险投资机构加强合作,以最终实现高效的财务治理。     

A win ratio approach to comparing continuous non‐normal outcomes in clinical trials

Clinical trials are often designed to compare continuous non‐normal outcomes. The conventional statistical method for such a comparison is a non‐parametric Mann–Whitney test, which provides a P‐value for testing the hypothesis that the distributions of both treatment groups are identical, but does not provide a simple and straightforward estimate of treatment effect. For that, Hodges and Lehmann proposed estimating the shift parameter between two populations and its confidence interval (CI). However, such a shift parameter does not have a straightforward interpretation, and its CI contains zero in some cases when Mann–Whitney test produces a significant result. To overcome the aforementioned problems, we introduce the use of the win ratio for analysing such data. Patients in the new and control treatment are formed into all possible pairs. For each pair, the new treatment patient is labelled a ‘winner’ or a ‘loser’ if it is known who had the more favourable outcome. The win ratio is the total number of winners divided by the total numbers of losers. A 95% CI for the win ratio can be obtained using the bootstrap method. Statistical properties of the win ratio statistic are investigated using two real trial data sets and six simulation studies. Results show that the win ratio method has about the same power as the Mann–Whitney method. We recommend the use of the win ratio method for estimating the treatment effect (and CI) and the Mann–Whitney method for calculating the P‐value for comparing continuous non‐Normal outcomes when the amount of tied pairs is small. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A visualization method measuring the performance of biomarkers for guiding treatment decisions

Biomarkers that predict efficacy and safety for a given drug therapy become increasingly important for treatment strategy and drug evaluation in personalized medicine. Methodology for appropriately identifying and validating such biomarkers is critically needed, although it is very challenging to develop, especially in trials of terminal diseases with survival endpoints. The marker‐by‐treatment predictiveness curve serves this need by visualizing the treatment effect on survival as a function of biomarker for each treatment. In this article, we propose the weighted predictiveness curve (WPC). Based on the nature of the data, it generates predictiveness curves by utilizing either parametric or nonparametric approaches. Especially for nonparametric predictiveness curves, by incorporating local assessment techniques, it requires minimum model assumptions and provides great flexibility to visualize the marker‐by‐treatment relationship. WPC can be used to compare biomarkers and identify the one with the highest potential impact. Equally important, by simultaneously viewing several treatment‐specific predictiveness curves across the biomarker range, WPC can also guide the biomarker‐based treatment regimens. Simulations representing various scenarios are employed to evaluate the performance of WPC. Application on a well‐known liver cirrhosis trial sheds new light on the data and leads to discovery of novel patterns of treatment biomarker interactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大型音乐舞蹈史诗《中国革命之歌》的艺术处理

大型音乐舞蹈史诗《中国革命之歌》在进行创作时既要确保艺术创作真实反映历史事实,又要防止与《东方红》重复,需要创作人员精心设计框架,选择材料进行加工改编,具有一定的难度。创作者和表演者通过艺术框架的搭建、艺术素材的加工、艺术演出的处理,使大型音乐舞蹈史诗《中国革命之歌》既具有政治内容又具有极高的艺术美。     

WTO争端解决机制中对发展中国家的特殊和差别待遇探析

在WTO争端解决机制中有一些针对发展中国家的特殊与差别待遇条款,但这些条款有其局限性,发展中国家很少利用,发展中国家应当努力促进特殊和差别待遇条款的完善,同时充分利用好现存的特殊和差别待遇.     

试论治理腐败的逻辑

为了选择有效治理腐败的方法,首先要解决针对有效治理腐败的逻辑思维问题。目前各国普遍使用的“治理腐败逻辑”有三种:一是减少介入腐败的机会;二是提高介入腐败的代价;三是增强腐败免疫力。这三种逻辑及其策略均具有各自的局限性,只有综合运用三种逻辑及其策略,才能有效治理腐败。     

国外教师差别行为的研究现状与展望

近年来国外对教师差别行为的研究取得了较大的成就。文章从差别行为的研究范式、结构与测量及研究内容三个方面对该领域的现状进行描述,并在此基础上对该现象的未来发展趋势进行展望,以期人们能更好地把握该领域的发展轮廓,推动该领域的研究与发展。