宜兴某二级医院医务人员临床路径认知调查

临床路径是一种标准化的诊疗护理过程。通过调查某二级医院医务工作者对临床路径的认知状况,结合实施过程中遭遇的种种障碍,探求临床路径的可行性,非常有必要。     

《史记》所见匈奴和中原王朝的关系

关于秦汉时期匈奴和中原政权的关系,以往的学术研究大多集中在战争与和平交往（通关市或和亲等）两个方面,实际上通过对《史记》的解读可知,无论中原政权或是匈奴都通过其它手段为自己争取利益,从而使两者关系呈现出错综复杂的面貌。     

The operations and effectiveness of public and private provision of solid waste collection services in Kampala

This paper compares the operations and discusses the effectiveness of public and private sector provision of solid waste collection in Kampala, Uganda. Household data suggest that the private sector is more effective than the public sector. Private sector companies provide services like container provision and providing timely and fixed collection time tables. Contrary to popular perception, fees charged by private companies are moderate. Public sector clients are charged fees even when the service is supposed to be free. Clients of private sector providers are more satisfied than those of public sector providers. It is however, revealed that while public sector serve mainly the low incomes, the private sector serves mainly the rich. In spite of these notable differences, clients of both public and private sector perceive the problem of solid waste management (SWM) in Kampala to be very serious. The effectiveness of public and private sector operations in solid waste collection in Kampala is hampered by corruption and lack of transparency. Given the situation of open competition for clients involving both public and private sector in Kampala, it is possible the public sector can operate effectively if they start commercial services officially like their private sector counterparts. This calls for a formal public-private partnership where the public and private sector can work together with the public sector dominating poor and marginalized areas while the private sector concentrates on rich neighborhoods.     

上海PM2.5减排的经济政策

上海应争取在15年内将年均PM2.5浓度从目前的约60微克/立方米降至25微克/立方米。为此,上海应将钢铁、石化企业的高污染设施迁出;加快推动高端服务业发展;制定中长期汽车保有量控制的目标,将汽车保有量的年度增长率降至2%;限制汽车牌照的使用年限和推出道路交通拥堵费制度;将轨道交通总长度提高至1200公里,提高地铁列车节数和改善线路轨道建设规划;通过引入社会资金、独立发行市政债等方式解决公共交通基础设施建设资金短缺的问题;通过税费政策提高常规煤炭消费的成本,大幅提高对清洁能源的补贴;采用新能源凭证交易制度;改善船运货物结构,提高货物中转比例;推行船舶靠港换油政策,建立排放控制区,推广船舶泊岸供电、LNG混合动力船和码头油改气、油改电。     

Looking Outside the (Voice)Box

Laura S. Brown, PhD, is a clinical and forensic psychologist in independent practice in Seattle, Washington. The bulk of her scholarly work has been in the fields of feminist therapy theory, trauma treatment, lesbian and gay issues, assessment and diagnosis, ethics and standards of care in psychotherapy, and cultural competence. She has authored or edited ten professional books, including the award-winning Subversive Dialogues: Theory in Feminist Therapy, as well as more than 140 other professional publications. She has also recently published her first book for general audiences, Your turn for care: Surviving the aging and death of the adults who harmed you. Laura has been featured in five psychotherapy training videos produced by the American Psychological Association. She was President of American Psychological Association Divisions 35 (Society for the Psychology of Women), 44 (Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Issues), and 56 (Trauma Psychology). Laura was also President of the Washington State Psychological Association. She is the founder and Director of the Fremont Community Therapy Project, a low-fee psychotherapy training clinic in Seattle. In the fall of 2000, she was the on-site psychologist for the reality show Survivor: The Australian Outback. In 1987, Laura lost her voice and was diagnosed with spasmodic dysphonia. In 1988, she found her voice again.     

考虑捐赠行为的食品动态定价策略研究

由于质量控制不当和库存过多导致的浪费是企业管理易腐食品面临的主要挑战。针对当前食品浪费严重的问题，建立考虑变质率的动态定价模型，研究捐赠行为下单一定价、两次定价与多级折扣定价三种定价策略对食品企业最优决策的影响。通过数值分析，发现捐赠行为能够提升企业利润且在多级折扣定价策略下效果更为显著，但当折扣次数较少时，单一定价策略对考虑捐赠的企业而言更优；食品最初质量、变质率、打折时间点、捐赠时间点、税收返回比率均是影响企业定价决策的重要因素；若质量差异越大，企业在多级折扣定价策略下的利润会减少，而考虑捐赠行为会使得企业利润呈上升趋势；在变质率越高时，考虑捐赠的单一定价策略会降低企业的利润，但对多级折扣定价策略下的利润影响不大；当折扣时间越接近于捐赠时间点时，基于捐赠行为的多级折扣定价策略会更优；当捐赠时间点越接近于保质期时，考虑捐赠的价格策略会优于不考虑捐赠时的价格策略。此外，研究还表明增加税收返回比率对考虑捐赠下的定价策略不一定是有利的。     

α-Fe/W型六角铁氧体复合材料微波特性研究

通过气-固相反应法制备α-Fe与W型六角铁氧体复合材料。通过XRD分析,结果发现随着还原反应温度和时间的增加,六角结构铁氧体相逐渐转换为FeCo、BaFe2O4相,形成了金属合金相和铁氧体相双相材料。对样品的微波磁特性的研究发现其磁谱从铁氧体的铁磁共振型磁谱逐渐转变为金属的弛豫型磁谱,材料的损耗机制发生了明显变化。     

毛泽东优俘政策与古代兵学

在古代战争中,经常出现残酷杀戮战俘的现象。古兵家在总结政治军事斗争经验的基础上,提出了善待战俘的策略思想,具有历史的进步意义。毛泽东将优俘政策同无产阶级立场、革命宗旨与其历史任务联系起来,将之作为对敌斗争的一项重要的政治工作方针,藉以改造俘虏,化敌为友,化敌为我。他关于优俘政策的实践与理论,是对我国古兵学军事斗争相关理论的继承、突破和改造,为无产阶级军事斗争的理论与实践作出了贡献。     

政府浪费与治理对策研究

在我国高昂的行政管理费用背后存在着惊人的浪费现象:公务用车浪费、公款吃喝浪费、公费出国浪费、豪华办公大楼浪费、政府会议浪费、能源资源消耗浪费和政绩工程浪费.政府浪费是多种因素综合作用的结果,产生的原因相当复杂,归纳起来主要有:行政权力运行透明度低、产权主体和责任主体虚位、财政预算约束软化和预算外资金大量存在、对行政成本的考核不重视甚至忽视,以及公众与政府讨价还价机制缺失.针对政府浪费产生的原因,治理对策主要有:加快透明政府建设;把行政费用控制列入政府工作计划以解决政府浪费的责任主体虚位问题;增强财政预算的刚性约束;引入企业成本核算机制以完善绩效考核制度;形成公众与政府讨价还价的博弈机制;制定《中华人民共和国反浪费法》.     

小肠系膜扭转的诊治体会

目的探讨小肠系膜扭转的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法对2002年8月～2010年2月间15例小肠系膜扭转的患者进行回顾性分析。结果术前明确诊断6例,诊断为粘连性肠梗阻5例,腹痛待查5例,急性腹膜炎4例,均采用手术探查,死亡4例。结论肠系膜扭转的诊断主要依靠临床表现和CT,此病一旦诊断应立即手术。