Women and toxic waste protests: Race,class and gender as resources of resistance

In recent years, women have been at the forefront of grassroot toxic waste protests in the United States. Out of their experience of protest, women construct ideologies of environmental justice, which reveal broader issues of inequality underlying environmental hazards. I examine the environmental discourse of white working class, African American and Native American women activists. The voices of these women show the ways in which their traditional role as mothers becomes a resource for their resistance. At the same time, their emerging analysis of environmental justice is mediated by different experiences of class, race, and ethnicity.     

灾时危化品事故危机信息管理体系及其运行机制研究

灾害引致的危化品事故危机管理是一个多环节、多变量的复杂工程,其重要进程是对事故危机信息的管理。而要有效实现对灾时危化品事故的危机信息管理,必须建立科学的运行机制。文章运用系统性演绎分析方法。通过对危化品事故的灾时成因、次生灾害特性以及造成的应急负荷进行了分析研究,构建了灾时危化品事故危机信息管理体系,并提出了过程嵌入、信息融合以及学习分享的三大运行机制,以期实现该体系的高效运转。     

城市废弃物资源化共生网络脆弱性影响机制——基于SCP与CAS融合的分析视角

在内外因素的交互干扰下,城市废弃物资源化共生网络表现得格外脆弱,探寻其脆弱性的理论内涵、影响因素及其作用机制是开展脆弱性治理的前提。借鉴复杂系统脆弱性理论,从能力和绩效两个角度解析其理论内涵,指出系统脆弱性在能力上可以用敏感性、适应性和恢复力予以刻画,在绩效上表现为增值性不强、共享性不足和生态性不佳。通过梳理国内外研究文献,从共生单元、网络结构、共生机制、网络氛围和环境不确定性5个维度提炼出脆弱性影响因素;以网络动态能力为结合点,将SCP（Structure Conduct Performance）和CAS（Complexity Adaptive System）两种理论有机融合,构建一个以共生单元素质、网络结构特征、共生机制属性、政策有效性为外因变量,以网络动态能力为中介变量,以网络脆弱性为结果变量,以网络氛围和环境不确定性为调节变量的理论框架。未来可利用大样本调查方法对该理论框架进行实证检验,探讨城市废弃物资源化共生网络脆弱性的形成机理。     

Reliability Analysis for Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes

The reliability of a treatment process is addressed in terms of achieving a regulatory effluent concentration standard and the design safety factors associated with the treatment process. This methodology was then applied to two aqueous hazardous waste treatment processes: packed tower aeration and activated sludge (aerobic) biological treatment. The designs achieving 95 percent reliability were compared with those designs based on conventional practice to determine their patterns of conservatism. Scoping-level treatment costs were also related to reliability levels for these treatment processes. The results indicate that the reliability levels for the physical/chemical treatment process (packed tower aeration) based on the deterministic safety factors range from 80 percent to over 99 percent, whereas those for the biological treatment process range from near 0 percent to over 99 percent, depending on the compound evaluated. Increases in reliability per unit increase in treatment costs are most pronounced at lower reliability levels (less than about 80 percent) than at the higher reliability levels (greater than 90 percent, indicating a point of diminishing returns. Additional research focused on process parameters that presently contain large uncertainties may reduce those uncertainties, with attending increases in the reliability levels of the treatment processes.     

地方政府行为与环境污染的空间面板分析

基于地方政府行为理论并提出地方政府行为对环境污染的影响假说,利用空间面板回归模型对1997--2009年中国29个省、市的面板数据进行实证研究。研究表明：地方政府的财政分权程度越大、寻租腐败程度越严重以及人均财政赤字水平程度越高,该地区的工业“三废”排放量也越大;工业的比重与工业“三废”的污染排放量成正比以及中国存在环境库兹涅茨曲线趋势的结论。     

儒家对“小人”的伦理评判

在儒家思想中,有非常系统的"君子论",是儒家对人的认识的重要阐释,而与"君子"相对的"小人"却似乎没有"君子"那样备受关注。文章从"小人"的多种含义入手,针对儒家对"小人"的伦理批判,以及"小人"的种种危害性进行了探讨。贬小人,褒君子,成为两千多年来的社会观念。     

Commentary: Flawed Scientific-Evidence Standards Delay Diesel Regulations

Of 188 government-monitored air toxics, diesel particulate matter (DPM) causes seven times more cancer than all the other 187 air toxics combined, including benzene, lead, and mercury. Yet, DPM is the only air toxic not regulated more stringently under the Clean Air Act, as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP). One reason is that regulators use flawed standards of scientific evidence. The article argues (1) that DPM meets all six specified evidentiary criteria, any one of which is sufficient for HAP regulation and (2) that regulators’ standards of evidence for denying HAP status to DPM (no DPM unit-risk estimate, inadequate dose-response data, alleged weak mechanistic data) err logically and scientifically, set the evidence bar too high, delay regulation, and allow 21,000 avoidable DPM deaths annually in the U.S.     

我国高校学生缺乏运动的不健康行为研究综述

目前,我国高校大学生参加体育运动的状况不容乐观,女生问题尤其严重。分析其原因主要是学习忙、没时间,缺乏兴趣和不知如何锻炼,缺乏运动场地、设施和器材,缺乏组织或无人相伴。这种分析多停留在一种描述性的表层横向分析上,缺乏从社会学、心理学、运动学等多视角对大学生的心理、生理和社会因素进行深层次的纵向剖析。针对大学生体育锻炼存在的问题及产生原因,学者们提出了许多相应的对策和建议。     

The Spread of a PCB Spill on a Soil Surface

Determining the fate of an oil spill on soil is often the first step in analyzing the risks of human exposure to hazardous viscous liquids such as PCBs. The special surface properties of rigidity and porosity are not among the boundary conditions in previous analyses of spills on water. The present work solves the expressions of mass and momentum conservation using a perturbation approach. Using the example of an Aroclor 1254 spill to illustrate the approach, we find that the radius at the halt of spreading is roughly proportional to spill volume for large spills. Spreading halts when the infiltration equals the spill volume. The radial distribution of infiltration decreases gradually from its central maximum, but falls suddenly to zero approaching the outer edge. Sample results are plotted for Aroclor 1254 spills from 4 to 21 liters in volume.     

The Utility of a Gender-Specific Definition of Binge Drinking on the AUDIT

Abstract

Objective: Although binge drinking is commonly defined as the consumption of at least 5 drinks in 1 sitting for men and 4 for women, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) defines binge drinking as the consumption of 6 or more drinks in 1 sitting for both men and women. This study examined the effect of using gender-specific binge drinking definitions on overall AUDIT scores. Participants: Participants were 331 college men and 1224 college women. Methods: Participants completed a self-report questionnaire, which included the AUDIT. Results: Findings showed that defining binge drinking as 4 or more drinks for women, rather than 6 or more, does impact their AUDIT scores and could affect the percentage of women classified as hazardous users. Among men, AUDIT scores were unaffected by the use of a gender-specific definition of binge drinking. Conclusions: Results suggest that the AUDIT might be underidentifying hazardous users among college women.