Heuristic for the cutting and purchasing decisions of multiple metal coils

This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for the rectangular two-dimensional cutting stock problem, where metal coils of multiple widths are divided into rectangular items with guillotine cuts. The cutting process contains two phases. Coils are cut into segments at the first phase and the segments into items at the second phase. A subset of three-staged patterns is considered in generating the cutting plan. The algorithm is used to accomplish the following tasks: (1) Generating cutting plans for the cutting process; (2) Selecting the coil widths to purchase; (3) Optimizing the segment lengths to order. Benchmark instances are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in improving material utilization, and examples are used to illustrate the decision methods for different tasks.     

基于三方期权博弈的动漫企业合并决策分析

在三方期权博弈模型的结构下,分析了动漫产业竞争条件下的企业合并决策,得出市场均衡条件下企业的利润函数。进一步构建了实物期权模型,分析企业在动态环境下合并的时机和合并的可能性。结论表明,中资企业的合并决策为外资企业提供了搭便车的机会,并且企业的竞争优势越大,产品的差异化程度越小,则合并后外资企业会获得越大的相对收益。并且,企业的竞争优势越弱,中外产品的差异化程度越高,则合并的时机会越早。企业的外部环境较好会促使企业合并的产生。所得出的结论为我国的动漫产业在通过合并去扩大规模的过程中如何避免外资企业出现搭便车的行为提供了有益的参考。     

Decision making in the newsvendor problem: A cross-national laboratory study

In this paper, we conduct a laboratory experiment using the classic newsvendor problem to examine cross-national differences in inventory ordering patterns between Chinese and American decision makers based on a theoretical examination of the role of the Doctrine of the Mean in Chinese decision making. Drawing on the theory of context-dependent preferences (specifically extremeness aversion), we also revisit the flat-maximum hypothesis of Bolton and Katok [12], i.e., “thinning the set of order options leads to newsvendor decisions that achieve a higher proportion of maximum expected profit.” The results show that the “pull-to-center” effect is more prominent for Chinese than Americans, i.e., average order quantities of Chinese subjects are closer to the anchor of mean demand than those of American subjects. Furthermore, we find that thinning the set of order options such that the optimal order quantity is a middle option, not an extreme option in the choice set, leads to better performance in newsvendor decisions, which complements the flat-maximum hypothesis.     

启发式教学在本科课程教学中的应用——以《投资经济学》为例

启发式教学倡导以教师讲授为主导,以学生自主学习为主体,激发学生主动学习的兴趣,提高学生的自主学习能力。以《投资经济学》课程为例,启发式教学的课前、课中都需要精选专题、精心分组引导、精彩讨论、精确评价等运作过程。同时,教师的准确定位、对学生的充分了解以及重视课堂教学过程中的情感交流等也是启发式教学取得良好效果的保障。     

在数学教学中要贯彻启发式教学

从数学学科的特点以及思维场的存在和特征出发,研究思维与启迪的关系、在教学过程中进行启迪思维的重要性和启发式教学的必要性,指出数学教育的关键是思维教育,并提出了在数学教学过程中有效贯彻启发式教学必须解决的几个问题.     

对计算机模拟中的逻辑、方法论的几点认识

随着计算机科学技术的发展,用计算机模拟人类实际科学推理的思维过程成为可能。于是,在计算机人工智能与认知心理学研究的交叉点上形成了“人类问题求解”理论。同时,又在计算机人工智能与逻辑研究的交叉点形成了适用于计算机的新颖逻辑理论及算法。计算机人工智能(AI)研究虽化分为两派,但无论哪一派,在对于思维的计算机模拟研究,包括机器学习和机器实现方面的研究,都为逻辑和科学方法论带来革命性变化和新的启示。     

激发学习兴趣培养综合能力——启发式教学法在《组织胚胎学》教学中的应用

《组织胚胎学》是一门微观的解剖学,学生普遍反映比较难学难记。采取以临床问题为引导的启发式教学方法,能够激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生操作能力、记忆能力和自学能力,进而发展学生的智力。结合学生的学习兴趣,设疑解疑,是实施启发式教学的关键。     

Measuring sport performances under pressure by classification trees with application to basketball shooting

Measuring players'' performance in team sports is fundamental since managers need to evaluate players with respect to the ability to score during crucial moments of the game. Using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and play-by-play basketball data, we estimate the probabilities to score the shot with respect to a selection of game covariates related to game pressure. We use scoring probabilities to develop a player-specific shooting performance index that takes into account for the difficulty associated to score different types of shots. By applying this procedure to a large sample of 2016–2017 Basketball Champions League (BCL) and 2017–2018 National Basketball Association (NBA) games, we compare the factors affecting shooting performance in Europe and in the United States and we evaluate a selection of players in terms of the proposed shooting performance index with the final aim of providing useful guidelines for the team strategy.     

Feeling at Risk Matters: Water Managers and the Decision to Use Forecasts

Experts contend that weather and climate forecasts could have an important role in risk management strategies for community water systems. Yet, most water managers make minimal use of these forecasts. This research explores the determinants of the use of weather and climate forecasts by surveying managers of community water systems in two eastern American states (South Carolina and the Susquehanna River Basin of Pennsylvania). Assessments of the reliability of weather and climate forecasts are not driving their use as water managers who find forecasts reliable are no more likely to use them than are managers who find them unreliable. Although larger systems and those depending on surface water are more likely to use forecasts for some (but not all) purposes, the strongest determinant of forecast use is risk perceptions. Water managers who expect to face problems from weather events in the next decade are much more likely to use forecasts than are water managers who expect few problems. Their expectations of future problems are closely linked with past experience: water managers who have had problems with specific types of weather events (e.g., flood emergencies) in the last 5 years are likely to expect to experience problems in the next decade. Feeling at risk, regardless of the specific source of that weather-related risk, stimulates a decision to use weather and climate forecasts.     

求解QoS组播路由问题的改进蚂蚁算法

蚂蚁算法是一种相对较新的启发式方法，通过模拟蚂蚁的觅食行为，提出了求解QoS组播路由问题的改进蚂蚁算法。仿真实验表明，该算法能以较高速度收敛，有效地解决QoS组播路由问题。